{"success":true,"data":{"service":{"internalName":"lucis-complete-v2-uk","uuid":"dec39141-ffc6-4d3c-b741-df73abc10fe8","name":"Complete panel 110+","isCorePanel":true},"expectedCount":110,"biomarkers":[{"internalName":"systemic-immune-inflammation-index","uuid":"8394d795-6d67-4b01-acf8-ee8a345fdc5d","name":"Systemic Immune Inflammation Index (SII)","shortDescription":"A calculated index that combines your platelets, neutrophils and lymphocytes. It summarises in one number how these cells balance out, which can point to background inflammation.","description":"Systemic Immune Inflammation Index is a headcount score for key immune cells. Imagine three teams on patrol in a city: first responders, cleaners, and coordinators. SII counts how many of each team circulate in your blood at once. Platelets act like patch crews that help plug leaks. Neutrophils act like rapid responders to new challenges. Lymphocytes act like planners that guide longer term defense. The index looks at their combined numbers, not just one group. Very low values may suggest fewer patrols available when your body meets daily demands. Very high values may suggest constant high alert across many teams. A balanced SII means your protection teams stay ready without creating unnecessary strain.","unit":"index","category":{"uuid":"249bca88-a9e5-47c1-ab24-5c3b3c64cdb5","internalName":"inflammation-immunity","name":"Inflammation & immunity","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"OTHER","computed":true,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"neutrophil-lymphocyte-ratio","uuid":"a9741bb5-1d68-42fa-a56f-a15abac8e786","name":"NLR (Neutrophils/Lymphocytes)","shortDescription":"A calculated ratio that compares your neutrophils with your lymphocytes. It gives a simple picture of the balance between two arms of your immune system and can be followed over time.","description":"NLR is a ratio between two white blood cell teams. Picture a fire crew and a repair crew working on a city street. Neutrophils act like fast fire fighters that rush in first. Lymphocytes act like careful repair workers that rebuild and tidy up. Your body keeps a headcount of each group and compares them. If the fire crew far outnumbers the repair crew, your system stays in “fight” mode for longer. If the repair crew dominates, your response may be slower. A balanced NLR suggests your body handles short bursts of stress, then returns to calm and repair.","unit":"ratio","category":{"uuid":"249bca88-a9e5-47c1-ab24-5c3b3c64cdb5","internalName":"inflammation-immunity","name":"Inflammation & immunity","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"OTHER","computed":true,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"atherogenic-index-plasma","uuid":"46dcae73-273a-4259-b375-d8e000858e42","name":"Plasma Atherogenic Index (AIP)","shortDescription":"A calculated index based on your triglycerides and HDL cholesterol. It summarises the balance between these two lipids in a single number that is easy to follow over time.","description":"Plasma Atherogenic Index, or AIP, is a way to measure fat traffic in your blood. Imagine a motorway filled with different cars. Some cars move waste fat away, and some cars drop fat along the road. AIP looks at the balance between blood fats called triglycerides and protective HDL cholesterol. It counts how much of the traffic is smooth and how much is sticky. AIP focuses on the pattern of this traffic, not just one fat amount. Very low AIP means very light traffic and less strain on vessel walls. Very high AIP means heavy, sticky traffic that can press on vessel walls over years. A steady, moderate AIP keeps blood flow smooth and vessels comfortable.","unit":"ratio","category":{"uuid":"2fd25cd7-cb07-4136-a636-a730dd49c2fd","internalName":"heart-cholesterol","name":"Heart & cholesterol","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"OTHER","computed":true,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"apob-ldl-ratio","uuid":"d66a187b-dbef-4986-b338-431f735c5649","name":"ApoB / LDL-C ratio","shortDescription":"A calculated ratio that compares your ApoB particle count with your LDL cholesterol. It can show whether your cholesterol is spread across more, smaller particles than the LDL value alone suggests.","description":"ApoB / LDL-C ratio is like checking traffic on a road. It compares the headcount of cholesterol trucks (ApoB particles) to how much cargo they carry (LDL cholesterol). Each truck has one ApoB, so ApoB counts the number of particles. LDL-C shows how much cholesterol load sits inside those particles. A higher ratio means many smaller trucks carry less cargo each. A lower ratio means fewer, larger trucks carry more cargo each. More small trucks mean more traffic touching artery walls over time. An efficient ratio helps keep blood flow smoother and cholesterol transport better organized.","unit":"ratio","category":{"uuid":"2fd25cd7-cb07-4136-a636-a730dd49c2fd","internalName":"heart-cholesterol","name":"Heart & cholesterol","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"OTHER","computed":true,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"estimated-average-glucose","uuid":"718b9872-14db-4eed-a683-570a73afad72","name":"eAG (Estimated Mean Blood Glucose)","shortDescription":"A calculated value derived from your HbA1c. It converts that result into an average blood sugar figure in the same units as a daily glucose reading, which can make it easier to read.","description":"eAG is an estimate of your average blood sugar. Imagine checking the “average speed” on a long car trip. Each small blood sugar rise is like pressing the pedal. Each drop is like slowing down. eAG averages all those changes over several months. It comes from HbA1c, which works like a memory of sugar exposure on red blood cells. Short spikes or dips matter less than the overall pattern. Very low eAG suggests your cells receive less sugar than they expect. Very high eAG suggests sugar stays higher in the blood for long stretches. A balanced eAG shows that your body keeps sugar supply steady and controlled over time.","unit":"mg/dL","category":{"uuid":"4ca630c1-37de-42b8-babb-c2e127d938be","internalName":"blood-sugar-metabolism","name":"Blood sugar & metabolism","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"OTHER","computed":true,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"ggt-hdl-ratio","uuid":"3d1f1fdb-1faa-4f87-a4e1-e0f4d58a7d8b","name":"GGT / HDL-C ratio","shortDescription":"A calculated ratio that compares your GGT liver enzyme with your HDL cholesterol. Putting them side by side links liver and metabolic health in a single number.","description":"GGT / HDL-C ratio is a headcount of balance between strain and protection. Picture a highway where heavy trucks represent liver strain signals and small cars represent protective fat carriers. This ratio compares how many trucks run versus cars on that road. The liver makes GGT when it works harder, while HDL particles act like cleanup cars for fats in the blood. A low ratio means fewer strain signals for each protective particle. A very low ratio may reflect less liver activity than expected. A high ratio means more strain signals for each helper particle. A balanced ratio suggests smoother blood flow traffic and steady liver workload over time.","unit":"ratio","category":{"uuid":"7710ac89-0214-454f-b653-12c40ffb1c0d","internalName":"liver-digestion","name":"Liver & digestion","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"OTHER","computed":true,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"granular-casts","uuid":"3aa61442-68a2-4875-92ca-a3867b85e804","name":"Granular casts","shortDescription":"Casts are tiny cylinders that form inside the kidney's tubes and wash out into the urine, where a microscope can see them. Granular casts are the type that contain cell debris.","description":"Granular cylinders are tiny tube-shaped particles seen in urine. Picture the inside of kidney tubes as narrow pipes. Granular cylinders are like soft molds of these pipes filled with fine grains. Kidney filters mix proteins and cell fragments inside the tubes. These can pack together and harden into small plugs. These plugs drift out into the urine as cylinders. Very low numbers suggest the pipes stay mostly clear. Higher numbers suggest more debris collects and shapes into these plugs. Balanced levels suggest the kidney tubes handle flow and waste without leaving many grainy molds behind.","unit":"/LPF","category":{"uuid":"8350722a-37ad-4796-a613-ae439a280174","internalName":"kidneys","name":"Kidneys","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"URINE","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"effective-osmolality","uuid":"3e6dd842-7e16-43d7-9bb7-a99aa52886a4","name":"Effective Osmolality","shortDescription":"Effective osmolality is calculated, not measured, from your sodium and fasting glucose. It gives a picture of how concentrated your blood is in the particles that draw water in and out of cells.","description":"Effective osmolality is a headcount of dissolved particles in your blood that actually pull water. Imagine your blood as a busy train car and each particle as one passenger. The more passengers on the train, the more crowded it feels and the more water it drags along. Your body adjusts this crowding through the kidneys and hormones, which add or remove water. Counting these active particles gives a clearer picture than only measuring total salts or sugars. Very low levels mean the train is almost empty, and water can shift into cells. Very high levels mean the train is packed, and water can move out of cells. A steady middle range keeps water balance stable and cells comfortable.","unit":"mOsm/kg","category":{"uuid":"622fe5fb-db0a-4678-b84d-d1d186b8b3b7","internalName":"minerals-hydration","name":"Minerals & hydration","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"OTHER","computed":true,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"score-fib-4","uuid":"517844bc-a7cc-4826-875f-3f961068f205","name":"FIB-4 Score","shortDescription":"A calculated score that combines your age, AST, ALT and platelet count. It gives a picture of liver stiffness from routine blood results, which is useful to follow over time.","description":"FIB-4 is a score that sums up how sturdy your liver tissue looks. Imagine your liver as a sponge that filters and processes everything you take in. Over years, that sponge can stay springy or become stiff and packed. FIB-4 uses age, two liver enzymes, and platelet count to estimate how springy or stiff that sponge may be. Higher enzymes suggest liver cells release more “leaks” into the blood. Lower platelets suggest changes in blood flow through the liver. Very low scores suggest little ongoing tissue change. Very high scores suggest more strain and scarring. A balanced FIB-4 score suggests your liver structure keeps up with daily repair demands.","unit":"calc","category":{"uuid":"7710ac89-0214-454f-b653-12c40ffb1c0d","internalName":"liver-digestion","name":"Liver & digestion","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":true,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"blood-cortisol","uuid":"fb07fe93-3b0d-4679-bac5-500b56bc0838","name":"Blood cortisol","shortDescription":"This measures total cortisol in your blood, sampled between 8 and 9 in the morning when the level is at its daily peak. Sampling at a set time makes results easier to compare over time.","description":"Blood cortisol","unit":"nmol/L","category":{"uuid":"c42d64a4-f596-4b31-b099-75476aed780a","internalName":"hormones","name":"Hormones","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"red-blood-cells-urine","uuid":"dfb9ef2e-4523-4745-850a-c17854829cd7","name":"Red Blood Cells (Urine)","shortDescription":"The same microscope check counts red blood cells in your urine. It can show traces of blood that are not visible to the eye.","description":"Red Blood Cells in urine are like red specks in clear water. In a healthy system, the kidney filters keep blood cells inside the bloodstream pipes. The urinary tract lining also acts like smooth, sealed tubing. A few cells can still slip through and stay harmless. Higher counts mean more red cells cross the filter or lining. This suggests extra friction or stress along the urinary path. Very low levels show that these filters and linings stay tight and well protected. Very high levels point to more intense leakage of cells into urine. A balanced level supports clean flow from kidneys to bladder with minimal wear and tear.","unit":"rbc/ul","category":{"uuid":"8350722a-37ad-4796-a613-ae439a280174","internalName":"kidneys","name":"Kidneys","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"URINE","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"omg-omega3-index","uuid":"46249334-5e8e-46af-875e-d08412ac4c6f","name":"Omega-3 index","shortDescription":"A calculated value from your red blood cell fat profile: the share of membrane fats made up of EPA and DHA. It reflects your omega-3 intake over recent months rather than your last meal.","description":"Omega-3 index is like a quality check for the fat in your blood cell walls. Imagine each red blood cell as a tiny boat with a flexible rubber skin. Omega-3 fats slip into that skin and keep the boat smooth and bendy. Your body brings these fats in from food and slowly builds them into the cell walls over months. A higher index means more of these flexible fats and fewer stiff ones. Very low levels suggest the boats move less smoothly through narrow blood pipes. Very high levels may upset the balance with other fats. A balanced omega-3 index keeps boats flexible, steady, and ready for daily demands.","unit":"calc","category":{"uuid":"2fd25cd7-cb07-4136-a636-a730dd49c2fd","internalName":"heart-cholesterol","name":"Heart & cholesterol","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":true,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"transferrin-saturation-coef","uuid":"5409740e-7ee3-4098-8c14-c7fbcc5139f1","name":"Transferrin saturation coefficient (TSAT)","shortDescription":"Transferrin saturation is the percentage of your iron-transport protein that is actually carrying iron. It is calculated from serum iron and transferrin on the same sample. It gives a picture of how much iron is available to your tissues right now.","description":"Transferrin Saturation Coefficient, or TSAT, is an iron traffic gauge. Imagine transferrin as a fleet of delivery vans that carry iron through your blood. TSAT tells you how many of these vans drive around loaded with iron. The liver makes transferrin, then the blood picks up iron and delivers it to organs and the bone marrow. If too few vans carry iron, cells receive less iron and work with less fuel. If too many carry iron, extra iron can settle into tissues and feel like clutter. A balanced TSAT means smooth iron deliveries, steady energy, and fewer iron leftovers in storage.","unit":"%","category":{"uuid":"4cf1f573-ca69-4b87-a4db-23d8a0e52863","internalName":"blood-cells-iron","name":"Blood cells & iron","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"iron","uuid":"3326cc67-c9f3-40b3-b4ee-3b6a775ce9e7","name":"Iron","shortDescription":"This is the amount of iron in your blood at the moment the sample was taken. It changes during the day, so it is most useful read together with transferrin and transferrin saturation.","description":"Iron is a mineral the body uses like trucks on a road. Each iron “truck” helps carry oxygen to your organs and muscles. The gut loads iron from food, and the blood delivers it around the body. The liver and bone marrow track these trucks and store extras for later. If the headcount of iron trucks drops too low, oxygen delivery slows and energy falls. If the headcount rises too high, extra trucks crowd the roads and strain organs such as the liver and heart. Balanced iron keeps oxygen moving smoothly, supports clear thinking, and helps muscles perform well day after day.","unit":"ug/dL","category":{"uuid":"4cf1f573-ca69-4b87-a4db-23d8a0e52863","internalName":"blood-cells-iron","name":"Blood cells & iron","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"b9-folic-acid-serum","uuid":"f894f9a8-3c52-4ea0-b7a8-5aeaba232250","name":"Folate (serum)","shortDescription":"Vitamin B9 tells you how much folate your body has for building new cells.","description":"Vitamin B9, or folate, is your body’s cell-building fuel ticket. Each folate molecule hands over small carbon “tokens” that cells need to copy DNA and grow. Your liver activates folate and then passes it to tissues that divide quickly, like blood and gut cells. If there are not enough folate “tickets,” cell production slows and repair work lags. Folate often travels together with vitamin B12, and both need to work in sync. Very low folate levels reduce red blood cell quality and may affect the brain and nerves. Very high levels can mask other nutrient problems and unbalance normal cell turnover. Steady, balanced folate supports smooth cell renewal, stable energy, and clear thinking.","unit":"ng/mL","category":{"uuid":"7530509c-dfb6-432d-adc3-1da8f7b2e999","internalName":"vitamins-antioxidants","name":"Vitamins & antioxidants","imageUrl":null,"type":"functional"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"dhea-s","uuid":"1b16e6de-55f7-4a2f-95c5-34298c140d78","name":"DHEA-S","shortDescription":"This measures the sulphate form of DHEA, a hormone made mainly by the adrenal glands. It lasts a long time in the blood, so unlike cortisol it does not swing across the day, which makes it a steady marker to follow.","description":"DHEA-S is a hormone that works like a long-lasting fuel tank for other hormones. Think of it as a storage battery that helps power sex hormones over the day. The adrenal glands fill this battery and slowly release its charge into the bloodstream. Because DHEA-S stays in the blood for a long time, it gives a stable picture of this hormone supply. Very low levels suggest the battery runs low and may not fully support brain, bone, and muscle activity. Very high levels suggest the battery is overfilled and sends a stronger hormone signal than needed. Balanced levels keep this supply steady, which supports energy, mood, and body composition over time.","unit":"umol/L","category":{"uuid":"c42d64a4-f596-4b31-b099-75476aed780a","internalName":"hormones","name":"Hormones","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"white-blood-cells-urine","uuid":"1c6355c1-31fc-440d-b606-6fd945a34fca","name":"Urine White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)","shortDescription":"A lab looks at your urine under a microscope and counts white blood cells. White cells in urine can point to inflammation somewhere in the urinary tract.","description":"Urine white blood cells are like security guards in the urinary passages. They patrol the lining and respond when something irritates or stresses the tissue. The body sends more of these cells when it senses a trigger, and fewer when the lining stays calm. Each cell in the sample is one guard leaving the wall and entering the stream. Low counts suggest a quiet walkway with few guards on alert. Higher counts suggest more guards reacting to irritation of the urinary lining. Balanced levels mean your immune system watches the area without constant alarm, so the lining stays protected but not overactive.","unit":"leuk/ul","category":{"uuid":"8350722a-37ad-4796-a613-ae439a280174","internalName":"kidneys","name":"Kidneys","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"URINE","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"ldl-hdl-ratio","uuid":"92ef46ca-d340-482d-b146-abf9b24ddbce","name":"LDL / HDL ratio","shortDescription":"A calculated ratio that compares your LDL cholesterol with your HDL cholesterol. It shows the balance between cholesterol heading into tissues and cholesterol carried back to the liver.","description":"LDL / HDL ratio is a score that compares two types of cholesterol carriers. Imagine traffic on a motorway. LDL trucks drop off fat cargo along the road, while HDL street cleaners pick it up and drive it away. Your liver sends out LDL trucks with fat packages and also sends HDL cleaners to collect leftovers. If many LDL trucks drive around and not enough HDL cleaners work, more fat stays on the road. Very low ratios can mean fewer LDL trucks than usual in circulation. High ratios mean many trucks and not enough cleaners, so fat builds up in vessel walls over years. A balanced ratio keeps traffic smooth and vessel walls clean.","unit":"calc","category":{"uuid":"2fd25cd7-cb07-4136-a636-a730dd49c2fd","internalName":"heart-cholesterol","name":"Heart & cholesterol","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":true,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"mchc","uuid":"a5712bc4-35f9-478c-9b44-50286825f0d3","name":"MCHC","shortDescription":"MCHC is how concentrated the haemoglobin is within your red blood cells. The analyser calculates it from other blood count values. It adds detail to the picture of your red cells alongside MCH and MCV.","description":"MCHC is a measure of how full each red blood cell is with hemoglobin. Imagine each red blood cell as a tiny delivery van and hemoglobin as the oxygen boxes inside. MCHC tells you how tightly those boxes fill each van. The body makes red cells in the bone marrow and loads them with hemoglobin. If the loading is light, vans carry fewer boxes and oxygen delivery may drop. If the loading is very dense, cells may become more fragile. MCHC looks at concentration, not just total pigment amount. Low MCHC suggests underfilled cells. High MCHC suggests very densely packed cells. A balanced MCHC means red cells carry oxygen efficiently without extra strain.","unit":"g/dL","category":{"uuid":"4cf1f573-ca69-4b87-a4db-23d8a0e52863","internalName":"blood-cells-iron","name":"Blood cells & iron","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"hct","uuid":"fab2e34a-c7b8-4417-afa7-c51503c39fe4","name":"Hematocrit","shortDescription":"The proportion of your blood volume made up of red cells, given as a percentage. It moves with both the number of red cells and the amount of fluid they sit in, so hydration matters too.","description":"Haematocrit is the headcount of red blood cells in your blood. Imagine your blood as a train and each red blood cell as a wagon carrying oxygen. Haematocrit tells you what share of the train is loaded wagons versus empty space. Your bone marrow makes these wagons, and your body clears old ones. If production or clearance changes, the headcount shifts. When the count is low, fewer wagons deliver oxygen, so organs and muscles receive less fuel. When the count is high, traffic in the blood vessels can feel thick and slow. A balanced haematocrit keeps oxygen delivery steady and blood flowing smoothly.","unit":"%","category":{"uuid":"4cf1f573-ca69-4b87-a4db-23d8a0e52863","internalName":"blood-cells-iron","name":"Blood cells & iron","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"tyg-index","uuid":"dc86e7b6-a0d0-44d2-9eaa-e9e9451f019a","name":"TyG index","shortDescription":"A calculated index that combines your triglycerides and fasting glucose. It is a simple way to look at insulin sensitivity without needing an insulin measurement.","description":"TyG Index is a calculated score that combines fasting blood sugar and fasting blood fat. Imagine a traffic report that counts both cars and trucks on a highway. Cars are like sugar, and trucks are like fat particles. The index checks how smoothly this mixed traffic moves. The liver and muscles act as exits that pull sugar from the road. When exits work well, traffic stays light. When they slow down, traffic builds up. A low TyG Index suggests smooth flow and flexible energy use. A very high TyG Index suggests crowded roads over time. A balanced TyG Index supports steady energy, stable appetite, and less strain on organs that manage fuel.","unit":"calc","category":{"uuid":"4ca630c1-37de-42b8-babb-c2e127d938be","internalName":"blood-sugar-metabolism","name":"Blood sugar & metabolism","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":true,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"total-protein","uuid":"6e42137a-cc65-40ee-b987-8de2d3d1c5b6","name":"Total Protein","shortDescription":"The sum of all the protein in your blood, mainly albumin plus the globulins, the family that includes antibodies. It is a total rather than a breakdown, so it is read with albumin.","description":"Total Protein is a headcount of all major proteins in your blood. Imagine a busy factory floor filled with workers, each with a specific job. Every protein is one worker, and this test counts how many workers are on shift. The liver hires many of these workers and also clears them when they finish tasks. If hiring or clearing slows, the headcount changes. When the count is low, there are fewer workers to move fluid, carry nutrients, and defend tissues. When the count is high, the factory floor feels crowded and fluid balance can shift. A balanced protein headcount keeps circulation steady and daily body tasks running smoothly.","unit":"g/dL","category":{"uuid":"7710ac89-0214-454f-b653-12c40ffb1c0d","internalName":"liver-digestion","name":"Liver & digestion","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"copper-blood","uuid":"b87c839c-408c-42aa-8232-35e047f4c969","name":"Blood Copper Level Cu","shortDescription":"This measures the copper circulating in your blood. Copper is a trace mineral, and most of it travels bound to a carrier protein called caeruloplasmin. It gives a picture of your copper status, often read with zinc.","description":"Blood Copper Level is the headcount of copper in your blood. Imagine copper as tiny workers that carry tools for energy and repair. Each worker helps enzymes that manage iron, build connective tissue, and protect cells from damage. The liver sends these copper workers into the blood and later calls them back. If the liver sends too few, the team cannot keep up with energy needs and maintenance. If it sends too many, unused copper workers can start to strain cells. Very low levels reduce enzyme activity and can slow blood cell and nerve support. Very high levels can overload natural control systems. Steady, balanced copper keeps body “maintenance crews” sized just right.","unit":"ug/dL","category":{"uuid":"7530509c-dfb6-432d-adc3-1da8f7b2e999","internalName":"vitamins-antioxidants","name":"Vitamins & antioxidants","imageUrl":null,"type":"functional"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"omg-omega6-omega3-ratio","uuid":"a3eb9be4-66c9-4ef3-be93-d82c93467cdf","name":"Omega-6 / Omega-3 ratio","shortDescription":"A calculated ratio from your red blood cell fat profile, comparing omega-6 fats with omega-3 fats. It gives a picture of the balance between these two families of fats in your diet.","description":"Omega 6 to Omega 3 ratio is a headcount of two fat crowds in your cell walls. Imagine a stadium with two fan groups that pull your body in different directions. Omega 6 fans push for more active responses, while omega 3 fans calm and steady things. Your body builds cell walls from both groups, then uses them as signals. If omega 6 fans dominate the seats, signals tilt toward more active reactions. If omega 3 fans are too few, calming messages drop. When the ratio sits in a steady middle zone, your cells send clearer signals, cell walls stay flexible, and the balance supports stable body functions over time.","unit":"calc","category":{"uuid":"2fd25cd7-cb07-4136-a636-a730dd49c2fd","internalName":"heart-cholesterol","name":"Heart & cholesterol","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":true,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"zinc","uuid":"6796ef4d-3a61-41d5-b069-58f46de88a42","name":"Plasma Zinc","shortDescription":"This measures the zinc circulating in your blood serum. Zinc is a trace mineral your body needs for immune function, wound healing and taste. It gives a picture of your zinc status.","description":"Plasma zinc is the headcount of zinc in your blood’s liquid part. Imagine zinc as tiny workers that keep many factory lines running in your body. Each worker supports tasks in the brain, skin, gut, and defenses against outside stress. The blood acts like a highway that delivers these workers where they are needed. If plasma zinc stays very low, there are fewer workers on the road. Tasks like making new cells, healing skin, or keeping a steady mood can slow down. If plasma zinc stays very high, it may signal an unusual shift in traffic or intake. Balanced plasma zinc gives a smooth flow of workers so many body systems run on time.","unit":"umol/L","category":{"uuid":"7530509c-dfb6-432d-adc3-1da8f7b2e999","internalName":"vitamins-antioxidants","name":"Vitamins & antioxidants","imageUrl":null,"type":"functional"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"monocytes","uuid":"f8e60496-69d5-4d98-be73-13897934db86","name":"Monocytes","shortDescription":"Monocytes are white blood cells that clear debris and take part in tissue repair and longer-running inflammation. This count is one line of your white blood cell breakdown.","description":"Monocytes are a type of white blood cell. You can picture them as cleanup trucks and scouts moving through your blood. They patrol for trouble, pick up debris, and call in other immune cells when they find a problem. The bone marrow makes these cells and releases them into the bloodstream. They then enter tissues and change form to stay longer and clean deeper. Very low monocyte levels reduce this cleanup crew and patrol force. Very high levels mean many trucks stay on the road and can create more wear and tear in tissues. Balanced monocyte levels keep patrol, cleanup, and calm repair in a healthy rhythm.","unit":"giga/L","category":{"uuid":"249bca88-a9e5-47c1-ab24-5c3b3c64cdb5","internalName":"inflammation-immunity","name":"Inflammation & immunity","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"eosinophils","uuid":"88701290-af1b-4f8d-8e60-2b5694350a53","name":"Eosinophils","shortDescription":"Eosinophils are white blood cells involved in allergic responses and in the reaction to parasites. This count is one line of your white blood cell breakdown.","description":"Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell. You can imagine them as a special cleanup crew that patrols surfaces like the lungs and gut. They move through the blood and tissues and release tiny packets, like bags of tools, when they find a problem. These tools change the local area and call in other immune cells, like a team arriving at a work site. Eosinophils mainly work on unwelcome visitors and on irritants from the environment. When levels are low, this cleanup crew shows up less often in blood. When levels are high, the crew visits more often and stirs more activity. A balanced eosinophil headcount keeps responses controlled without extra strain on tissues.","unit":"giga/L","category":{"uuid":"249bca88-a9e5-47c1-ab24-5c3b3c64cdb5","internalName":"inflammation-immunity","name":"Inflammation & immunity","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"free-androgen-index","uuid":"adae4aa1-b2ec-4558-ac0b-4dba7d9ef929","name":"Free Androgen Index (FAI)","shortDescription":"The free androgen index is calculated, not measured, by comparing total testosterone with SHBG. It is a simple estimate of how much testosterone is not held by its carrier protein.","description":"Free Androgen Index is a score that estimates active testosterone. Imagine testosterone molecules as workers and a transport protein as buses. Some workers ride the buses and stay busy, while others walk free and act directly. FAI compares how many workers walk free to how many ride the buses. The liver makes the buses and also clears them, so balance matters. A very low FAI means fewer active hormone “workers” on the ground. A very high FAI means many active workers and faster traffic in hormone-sensitive tissues. A balanced FAI means your hormone traffic runs smoothly, with enough activity but not overload.","unit":"%","category":{"uuid":"c42d64a4-f596-4b31-b099-75476aed780a","internalName":"hormones","name":"Hormones","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":true,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"albumin-globulin-ratio","uuid":"2245a53b-446a-4364-8d7f-c1ba07af40ee","name":"Albumin / Globulin ratio","shortDescription":"A calculated ratio that compares your albumin with your globulins. It shows the balance between the protein made by your liver and the family that includes antibodies.","description":"Albumin / Globulin ratio is a measure of protein balance in your blood. Imagine your blood as a delivery service with two teams. One team, albumin, carries water and packages and keeps fluid in the pipes. The other team, globulins, handle defense and special deliveries. Your liver sets the size of the albumin team. Your immune system shapes the globulin team. When the albumin team is very small, fluid can leak from the pipes into tissues. When the globulin team is very large, blood can feel more crowded with defense proteins. Very high ratios mean albumin dominates and globulins are relatively low. A balanced ratio keeps circulation steady, tissues nourished, and transport running smoothly.","unit":"calc","category":{"uuid":"7710ac89-0214-454f-b653-12c40ffb1c0d","internalName":"liver-digestion","name":"Liver & digestion","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":true,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"tsh","uuid":"ed0bbc60-0c35-41db-a276-cc9c179ebd9d","name":"Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)","shortDescription":"TSH is the hormone your pituitary gland sends to your thyroid, telling it how much hormone to make. It tends to rise when the thyroid is underactive and fall when it is overactive, which makes it a useful first look at thyroid activity.","description":"Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) is a chemical signal from the brain to the thyroid. Imagine your thyroid as a home heating system and TSH as the thermostat signal. When the body wants more heat and energy, the brain sends a stronger TSH signal. The thyroid then releases more thyroid hormones into the blood. When there is enough hormone, the brain eases off the TSH signal. If TSH stays very low, the signal to make thyroid hormone is weak and body processes can slow. If TSH stays very high, the brain pushes the thyroid hard and body processes can speed up. A balanced TSH signal keeps energy, temperature, heart rate, and mood steady.","unit":"mUI/L","category":{"uuid":"c42d64a4-f596-4b31-b099-75476aed780a","internalName":"hormones","name":"Hormones","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"t3-free","uuid":"a35554c2-9c71-4097-8398-2f19d62f596b","name":"Triiodothyronine (T3) Free","shortDescription":"This measures triiodothyronine, the more active thyroid hormone, circulating free in your blood. Most of it is made by converting T4 in the tissues, so it is useful to read alongside free T4 and TSH.","description":"Triiodothyronine (T3) Free is the active thyroid hormone in your blood. Imagine it as tiny supervisors who tell each cell how fast to work. Each supervisor sets the pace for heat, energy, and how quickly your body uses fuel. The liver and thyroid gland release these supervisors, and only the free ones can enter cells and give direct orders. Bound hormone rides on carrier proteins and waits on the sidelines. Too little free T3 slows the supervisors’ orders, so cells move slowly and energy feels low. Too much speeds everything up and strains organs that manage heart rate and temperature. A balanced free T3 headcount keeps your energy, temperature, and organs in a steady, comfortable rhythm.","unit":"pg/mL","category":{"uuid":"c42d64a4-f596-4b31-b099-75476aed780a","internalName":"hormones","name":"Hormones","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"total-cholesterol","uuid":"cc7d8a59-5794-4016-8699-561921a7781b","name":"Total Cholesterol","shortDescription":"The sum of all the cholesterol circulating in your blood, whatever particle carries it. It is a single total rather than a breakdown, so it is most useful read with HDL, LDL and triglycerides.","description":"Total cholesterol is the total headcount of cholesterol packets in your blood. Imagine delivery trucks on a road that carry fat cargo. Cholesterol rides inside these trucks to reach cells that need it for building walls and making hormones. The liver loads and unloads these trucks and keeps traffic moving. If traffic stays light, trucks deliver and return on time. If there are too many trucks or they stay too long, they crowd the roads and stress the vessel walls. Very low cholesterol can limit hormone building and cell repair. Very high cholesterol can speed up fatty build up in vessel walls. A steady, balanced headcount keeps transport smooth and protects blood flow.","unit":"mg/dL","category":{"uuid":"2fd25cd7-cb07-4136-a636-a730dd49c2fd","internalName":"heart-cholesterol","name":"Heart & cholesterol","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"ggt","uuid":"76fafc6c-39e8-4311-a3da-aecfda2554ac","name":"Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT)","shortDescription":"GGT is an enzyme found in the liver and bile ducts. It tends to rise with alcohol, certain medicines, fat build-up in the liver or slowed bile flow, which makes it a useful marker to follow.","description":"Gamma-glutamyl Transferase, or GGT, is like a worker line at a recycling plant that handles protective molecules. Each GGT enzyme is a worker that moves small building blocks so the body can rebuild glutathione, a key antioxidant. The liver makes and uses these workers to process many substances and to keep cells protected. When the liver sends out many workers, recycling runs fast but can also signal strain in the system. When there are very few workers, recycling slows, and detox steps down. When there are too many workers, the system pushes hard and places extra load on liver cells. A balanced GGT headcount keeps recycling steady and helps maintain smooth processing of daily body waste.","unit":"U/L","category":{"uuid":"7710ac89-0214-454f-b653-12c40ffb1c0d","internalName":"liver-digestion","name":"Liver & digestion","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"egfr","uuid":"889b5008-c47d-44f4-823e-fb75f0d5d2be","name":"Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)","shortDescription":"A calculated estimate of how much blood your kidneys filter each minute, based on your creatinine, age and sex. It turns a raw result into a filtering rate that is easier to follow over time.","description":"Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate is your kidneys’ filter speed. Imagine two large sieves that constantly clean your blood like water running through a filter. eGFR tells you how much blood passes through these filters each minute. The filters separate waste and extra water from useful substances and return clean blood to circulation. When eGFR is low, the filters work more slowly, so waste and fluid can stay longer in the bloodstream. When eGFR is very high, the filters work faster than usual, which can strain the system over time. A balanced eGFR means the filters clean your blood at a steady, efficient pace, keeping fluid and mineral balance stable.","unit":"mL/min","category":{"uuid":"8350722a-37ad-4796-a613-ae439a280174","internalName":"kidneys","name":"Kidneys","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"basophils","uuid":"56b9947c-ac90-4780-bc0f-46f46a3dd697","name":"Basophils","shortDescription":"Basophils are the rarest type of white blood cell and take part in hypersensitivity reactions. This count is one line of your white blood cell breakdown and is read with the others.","description":"Basophils are a small team of white blood cells that act like signal messengers during irritation or allergy-like reactions. Think of them as tiny packets that burst open to call in backup. The bone marrow makes these cells and releases them into the blood. Their granules hold substances such as histamine that open blood vessels and invite more immune cells to the area. When basophil numbers are very low, the body may have fewer of these quick alarm signals. When their numbers are very high, the alarms may feel too loud and frequent, which can increase swelling and irritation. A steady, balanced basophil count helps keep the body’s response to triggers controlled and efficient.","unit":"giga/L","category":{"uuid":"249bca88-a9e5-47c1-ab24-5c3b3c64cdb5","internalName":"inflammation-immunity","name":"Inflammation & immunity","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"homocysteine","uuid":"cd0c2f9d-d5b1-476a-800d-4939fd96f86a","name":"Homocysteine","shortDescription":"Homocysteine is an amino acid your body makes while processing protein. Clearing it depends on folate, B12, B6 and riboflavin, so the level rises when those vitamins run short. It is a useful read-out of how that system is working.","description":"Homocysteine is a small amino acid in your blood. You can picture it as a chemical by‑product that needs smooth traffic control. Your body uses B vitamins like traffic lights that direct where homocysteine goes next. Cells in the liver and other tissues change homocysteine into other safe compounds. If this process slows, more homocysteine stays in the bloodstream and traffic becomes heavy. Very low levels usually mean fast processing or high intake of certain nutrients. Very high levels suggest slower processing or not enough helper vitamins. A balanced level means the body breaks down proteins smoothly, keeps blood vessels calm, and supports steady brain and nerve function over time.","unit":"umol/L","category":{"uuid":"7530509c-dfb6-432d-adc3-1da8f7b2e999","internalName":"vitamins-antioxidants","name":"Vitamins & antioxidants","imageUrl":null,"type":"functional"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"magnesium","uuid":"2c095c4b-dc69-4493-b230-2ecdcf071dcf","name":"Magnesium","shortDescription":"This measures magnesium dissolved in your blood serum. Only about one per cent of your body's magnesium is there, the rest sits inside cells and in bone. It gives a view of the circulating share.","description":"Magnesium is a mineral that works like a master key for your cells. Picture every cell as a tiny workshop that needs tools to run. Magnesium is the tool that unlocks hundreds of jobs, especially making and using energy. The gut absorbs magnesium and cells pull it inside, where it powers enzymes and helps control other minerals like calcium and potassium. If magnesium drops too low, energy production slows, muscles cramp, and nerves fire less smoothly. If magnesium rises too high, muscles and nerves can also lose their normal snap and timing. Balanced magnesium keeps your inner “workshops” running on time, with steady movement, clear thinking, and stable rhythm across the body.","unit":"mg/dL","category":{"uuid":"622fe5fb-db0a-4678-b84d-d1d186b8b3b7","internalName":"minerals-hydration","name":"Minerals & hydration","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"transferrin","uuid":"d2cbff14-7a6d-470e-a2d2-660dd72e411d","name":"Transferrin","shortDescription":"Transferrin is the protein that carries iron around your blood. This measures how much of it you have. Together with serum iron, it is used to work out how much of your iron transport is in use.","description":"Transferrin is your blood’s iron delivery truck headcount. Each transferrin molecule is like one truck that picks up iron, carries it, and drops it off where needed. The liver makes these trucks and also clears them. If iron intake rises, more trucks may circulate for longer. If iron intake falls, fewer trucks may move around. Iron tests measure how full each truck is. Transferrin instead counts how many trucks you have. Too few trucks can limit iron delivery to muscles, brain, and skin. Too many unused trucks can signal that tissues do not receive enough iron cargo. A balanced transferrin headcount keeps iron moving safely without excess or shortage.","unit":"g/L","category":{"uuid":"4cf1f573-ca69-4b87-a4db-23d8a0e52863","internalName":"blood-cells-iron","name":"Blood cells & iron","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"mch","uuid":"383d94a6-c84d-4070-b6de-ad5475b17d51","name":"MCH","shortDescription":"MCH is the average amount of haemoglobin, the pigment that carries oxygen, inside each red blood cell. It is calculated from your full blood count. Looking at it alongside red cell size helps give a picture of how well your red cells are loaded with haemoglobin.","description":"MCH, or Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin, is the average amount of oxygen-carrying protein inside each red blood cell. Imagine each red blood cell as a tiny delivery van and hemoglobin as the boxes of oxygen it carries. MCH tells you how full each van is on average. The body makes these vans in the bone marrow and fills them with hemoglobin before release. If MCH is too low, each cell carries fewer oxygen boxes, so tissues receive less oxygen with each trip. If MCH is too high, cells can become larger and fewer in number. A balanced MCH means steady oxygen delivery and more stable energy through the day.","unit":"pg","category":{"uuid":"4cf1f573-ca69-4b87-a4db-23d8a0e52863","internalName":"blood-cells-iron","name":"Blood cells & iron","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"rbc","uuid":"8b960ade-6664-41df-a407-1a86de081db3","name":"Red Blood Cell","shortDescription":"This is the number of red blood cells in a set volume of blood, counted directly by the analyser. Red cells carry oxygen around the body, so their number is a basic part of the blood count picture.","description":"Red blood cell count is a headcount of your oxygen couriers. Each red blood cell acts like a tiny delivery van that carries oxygen to every organ. A higher headcount means more vans on the road, and a lower headcount means fewer. The bone marrow makes these cells and releases them into the blood. They pick up oxygen in the lungs and drop it off to working muscles, brain, and other tissues. Very low counts mean fewer delivery vans, so organs receive oxygen more slowly. Very high counts mean crowded traffic, so blood can feel thicker. A balanced count keeps oxygen delivery smooth and steady, which supports stable energy through the day.","unit":"10¹²/L","category":{"uuid":"4cf1f573-ca69-4b87-a4db-23d8a0e52863","internalName":"blood-cells-iron","name":"Blood cells & iron","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"calcium","uuid":"0969f877-d284-410f-a5b3-a26c21016443","name":"Calcium","shortDescription":"This is the total calcium in your blood, both free and bound to proteins. Less than one per cent of your body's calcium is in the blood, almost all of it is in bone, so the level is tightly regulated.","description":"Calcium is your body’s building block counter. Each calcium unit is like a brick that strengthens bones and keeps signals moving. Your gut brings bricks in, your kidneys send extra bricks out, and bones act as a storage warehouse. The body keeps calcium in blood within a tight window, so muscles squeeze, nerves signal, and the heart beats on time. Very low calcium means fewer bricks in the bloodstream, so muscles and nerves struggle to work smoothly. Very high calcium means too many bricks in the blood, which can slow signals and strain filters like the kidneys. Balanced calcium keeps bones solid and daily movements, thoughts, and heart rhythm steady.","unit":"mg/L","category":{"uuid":"40599716-f96e-43bb-9691-647c08591667","internalName":"muscle-bone-recovery","name":"Muscle, bone & recovery","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"rdw","uuid":"06492f6f-d394-4ded-8f7c-03ff176e0b57","name":"Red Cell Distribution Width","shortDescription":"RDW describes how much your red blood cells differ in size from one another. A higher value means a more mixed population of larger and smaller cells. Read with MCV, it helps give a fuller picture of your red cells.","description":"Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) is a headcount of red blood cell sizes. Imagine checking a crowd where everyone should be roughly the same height. RDW tells you how mixed that crowd is. Your bone marrow makes red blood cells, releases them, and clears old ones. If production runs smoothly, most cells match in size, like an orderly line. If the body changes how it makes or renews cells, sizes drift apart, like uneven steps. Very low variation suggests a less flexible system. Very high variation suggests mixed groups of young and older cells. A balanced RDW keeps oxygen delivery steady and gives a clear picture of how your blood-building system works.","unit":"%","category":{"uuid":"4cf1f573-ca69-4b87-a4db-23d8a0e52863","internalName":"blood-cells-iron","name":"Blood cells & iron","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"hemoglobin","uuid":"954d094c-2030-409e-a097-f64eb6a7665b","name":"Hemoglobin","shortDescription":"Haemoglobin is the protein inside red blood cells that carries oxygen around your body. This measures how much of it is present in a given volume of blood.","description":"Hemoglobin is the oxygen van inside each red blood cell. Each van loads oxygen in the lungs and drops it off in every tissue. Think of millions of these vans driving through your blood highways all day. The body makes hemoglobin in the bone marrow using iron and other nutrients. It grabs oxygen where the air comes in, then releases it where cells need fuel. Low hemoglobin means fewer oxygen vans on the road, so organs receive less oxygen. Very high hemoglobin makes the blood thicker and harder to move. Balanced hemoglobin keeps oxygen delivery smooth, supports steady energy, and helps every organ work reliably.","unit":"g/dL","category":{"uuid":"4cf1f573-ca69-4b87-a4db-23d8a0e52863","internalName":"blood-cells-iron","name":"Blood cells & iron","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"platelet","uuid":"7e5e7f70-3a34-4b05-a02b-08a901fde7a2","name":"Platelet","shortDescription":"Platelets are small blood cells that start the formation of a clot. Your blood count reports how many you have per unit of blood. It gives a simple picture of this part of your blood's clotting system.","description":"Platelet count is a headcount of tiny cell fragments in your blood. Think of them as repair crews that rush to plug leaks in your pipes. Your bone marrow sends these crews into the bloodstream, and your body clears them once their job is done. When you have the right number, bleeding stops in a steady, controlled way after cuts or bumps. Very low counts mean fewer crews on call, so small injuries can take longer to seal. Very high counts mean too many active crews, which can make blood flow less smooth. A balanced platelet count keeps bleeding control and smooth circulation in harmony.","unit":"giga/L","category":{"uuid":"4cf1f573-ca69-4b87-a4db-23d8a0e52863","internalName":"blood-cells-iron","name":"Blood cells & iron","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"sodium","uuid":"88bc94b9-9ae6-4355-9c0f-596a6e683b1d","name":"Sodium","shortDescription":"Sodium is the main salt dissolved in your blood plasma. Its level reflects the balance between sodium and water in your body, which is kept within very narrow limits. It gives a picture of your hydration balance.","description":"Sodium is a mineral that acts like tiny water magnets in your blood. Each sodium ion pulls and pushes water, like workers directing buckets along pipes. Your body keeps sodium in a tight range so cells stay the right size. The kidneys adjust sodium and water to balance blood volume and pressure. Nerves use sodium to send signals, like on–off switches, and muscles need it to contract and relax. Very low sodium means the “water magnets” are too few, so water balance and brain function strain. Very high sodium means extra pull on water, which stresses cells and circulation. A balanced sodium level keeps fluid, nerves, and muscles working smoothly together.","unit":"mmol/L","category":{"uuid":"622fe5fb-db0a-4678-b84d-d1d186b8b3b7","internalName":"minerals-hydration","name":"Minerals & hydration","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"potassium","uuid":"34393987-aa58-4df1-a1b9-36d4c7888cf1","name":"Potassium","shortDescription":"Potassium is the main mineral inside your cells, and a small, tightly controlled amount circulates in the blood. This measures that circulating level, which the body keeps within narrow limits.","description":"Potassium is like the main electrical wiring inside your cells. Most potassium stays inside cells, while only a small amount circulates in blood. This tiny blood part matters a lot, because it sets the voltage that nerves and muscles use as their starting line. When potassium sits in a healthy window, muscles contract smoothly, nerves send clear signals, and fluid stays balanced between inside and outside cells. If potassium falls too low, muscles and nerves fire less easily and work feels harder. If it runs too high, their signals fire in a confused way and may slow or misfire. Steady potassium keeps body “wiring” safe, stable, and ready for action.","unit":"mmol/L","category":{"uuid":"622fe5fb-db0a-4678-b84d-d1d186b8b3b7","internalName":"minerals-hydration","name":"Minerals & hydration","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"albumin","uuid":"2df9a967-14c8-45db-8d39-f16326f5b784","name":"Albumin (serum)","shortDescription":"Albumin is the main protein your liver makes. In the blood it carries other substances and holds fluid inside your blood vessels, so its level gives a picture of liver output and overall nutrition.","description":"Albumin is a protein that works like a fleet of delivery trucks in blood. Each albumin truck moves along the bloodstream and carries water and different cargo. The liver builds these trucks and sends them out to keep fluid inside vessels and move hormones, nutrients, and waste. When there are fewer trucks, fluid can slip out into tissues and transport slows down. When there are more trucks than usual, it often reflects thicker blood from lower fluid. Very low albumin means the transport network struggles and fluid balance drifts. Very high albumin often signals body water loss rather than extra protein. A balanced albumin level means your delivery fleet runs on time and your fluids stay steady.","unit":"g/L","category":{"uuid":"7710ac89-0214-454f-b653-12c40ffb1c0d","internalName":"liver-digestion","name":"Liver & digestion","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"uric-acid","uuid":"ee95a7f2-28fb-4cdc-ab8b-f30fc4ef8d8d","name":"Uric acid","shortDescription":"Uric acid is what remains when your body breaks down purines, which come from some foods and from normal cell turnover. Your kidneys decide how much stays in the blood, so the level reflects both diet and how it is cleared.","description":"Uric acid is a waste marker that forms when your body clears used-up building blocks from cells. Imagine a busy city that bags its rubbish every day. Uric acid is one type of rubbish bag that needs regular pickup through the kidneys. The liver helps fill the bags, and the kidneys load them onto the exit trucks in urine. At moderate levels, uric acid also works like a small shield against damaging molecules. If levels drop very low, this shield weakens and some tissues lose protection. If levels climb very high, bags stack up in the blood and body fluids. A balanced level means steady cleanup, enough protection, and smooth waste flow out of the body.","unit":"mg/L","category":{"uuid":"4ca630c1-37de-42b8-babb-c2e127d938be","internalName":"blood-sugar-metabolism","name":"Blood sugar & metabolism","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"crp","uuid":"c984df43-5617-4e34-8103-6afa2afd7dd5","name":"High-sensitivity CRP","shortDescription":"C-reactive protein is made by the liver when there is inflammation anywhere in the body. This sensitive version can pick up low levels that a standard test would miss, which helps follow background inflammation over time.","description":"High-sensitivity CRP is your body’s smoke alarm for slow, hidden sparks. Imagine tiny fires smouldering in tissues that you cannot see or feel. hs-CRP measures how loudly these silent alarms ring in your bloodstream. Your liver makes this protein when your immune system senses irritation or tissue stress. If signals stay active, more hs-CRP alarms switch on and stay on. Very low levels mean your internal firefighters spot small sparks and calm them quickly. Higher levels mean more ongoing smoke and more alarms over time. When hs-CRP stays in balance, your immune system reacts fast when needed, then settles back down again and avoids staying on constant alert.","unit":"mg/L","category":{"uuid":"249bca88-a9e5-47c1-ab24-5c3b3c64cdb5","internalName":"inflammation-immunity","name":"Inflammation & immunity","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"mcv","uuid":"cc8e275e-4424-4332-84ff-087b5c06166b","name":"Mean Cell Volume (MCV)","shortDescription":"MCV is the average size of your red blood cells, calculated as part of the full blood count. Red cells that are larger or smaller than usual can point to differences in iron, B12 or folate supply, so it is a useful marker to read with those.","description":"Mean Cell Volume is the average size of each red blood cell. Think of your blood as a fleet of delivery trucks that carry oxygen. MCV tells you how big each truck is on average. The bone marrow builds these trucks using nutrients and water. If the building plan changes, the trucks become smaller or larger. Smaller cells act like tiny vans that may carry less oxygen per trip. Larger cells act like bulky trucks that may move less smoothly through narrow vessels. Very low size suggests fewer building materials or altered production. Very high size suggests overfilled or swollen cells. A balanced MCV means well built red cells that travel smoothly and deliver oxygen efficiently.","unit":"um3","category":{"uuid":"4cf1f573-ca69-4b87-a4db-23d8a0e52863","internalName":"blood-cells-iron","name":"Blood cells & iron","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"lymphocytes","uuid":"8aa655cd-6361-4cea-8035-e87699f91b6c","name":"Lymphocytes","shortDescription":"Lymphocytes are the white blood cells of your adaptive immune system, which recognise specific viruses and other threats. This count is one line of your white blood cell breakdown.","description":"Lymphocytes are white blood cells that act like security guards. They patrol your blood and tissues and watch for anything that does not belong. Each lymphocyte is one guard in this security team. The bone marrow and lymph tissues release these cells into the bloodstream. Some guards remember past invaders and react faster next time. Others mark invaders for attack or destroy abnormal cells directly. Very low levels mean there are fewer guards on patrol, so detection can slow. Very high levels mean many guards respond at once, which stresses the system. A balanced lymphocyte headcount keeps immune surveillance steady and controlled over time.","unit":"giga/L","category":{"uuid":"249bca88-a9e5-47c1-ab24-5c3b3c64cdb5","internalName":"inflammation-immunity","name":"Inflammation & immunity","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"neutrophils","uuid":"2ab9946a-fbba-40b2-b139-9ec42810881b","name":"Neutrophils","shortDescription":"Neutrophils are the white blood cells that form your first line of defence against bacteria. This count is one line of your white blood cell breakdown.","description":"Neutrophils are white blood cells that act like rapid‑response cleaners in your bloodstream and tissues. Imagine a street cleaning team that rushes to any spill. Neutrophils move quickly to sites of injury or microbes and surround the problem. They grab and digest unwanted material, like a cleaner loading rubbish into a truck. They also release small chemical packets that signal other immune cells to join the cleanup. Very low levels mean this front‑line team is too small, so first responses slow down. Very high levels mean many cleaners patrol all the time, which can irritate nearby tissues. A balanced neutrophil count gives fast protection without too much wear and tear.","unit":"giga/L","category":{"uuid":"249bca88-a9e5-47c1-ab24-5c3b3c64cdb5","internalName":"inflammation-immunity","name":"Inflammation & immunity","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"urea","uuid":"590ad67d-7b72-4d8f-a491-5c35b291071a","name":"Urea","shortDescription":"Urea is made when your body breaks down protein, and your kidneys clear it into the urine. The level reflects how much protein you eat, how well hydrated you are and how well your kidneys clear it.","description":"Urea is a waste product that your body makes when it breaks down protein. Think of it as used fuel that needs a safe exit route. The liver turns protein leftovers into urea, and the kidneys filter urea out into urine. If the headcount of urea particles rises, it suggests the filter clears less waste. If the headcount falls very low, it suggests the body breaks down less protein or clears waste differently. Very low levels can show reduced protein use. Very high levels can show slower removal of waste. A balanced urea level means your liver and kidneys keep protein use and waste removal in steady harmony.","unit":"mmol/L","category":{"uuid":"8350722a-37ad-4796-a613-ae439a280174","internalName":"kidneys","name":"Kidneys","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"creatinine","uuid":"4df9acf5-700b-4096-b2ba-f83a31bbf493","name":"Creatinine","shortDescription":"Creatinine is a waste product your muscles make every day and your kidneys filter out. Together with your age and sex, the level is used to estimate how much blood your kidneys filter each minute (eGFR).","description":"Creatinine is a waste marker that your muscles make all day. Imagine buckets on a conveyor belt that carry waste to a filter. Your muscles load the buckets with creatinine and your kidneys act as the filter. Healthy kidneys clear most buckets quickly, so only a small number stay in the blood. When kidney filtering slows, more buckets stay on the belt and creatinine rises. Very low creatinine can appear when there is little muscle “factory” working. Very high creatinine suggests the filter removes waste more slowly. A balanced level shows a good match between muscle production and kidney clearing, which protects blood quality and internal balance.","unit":"umol/L","category":{"uuid":"8350722a-37ad-4796-a613-ae439a280174","internalName":"kidneys","name":"Kidneys","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"total-bilirubin","uuid":"b8f6b2cc-5a57-4801-a1e0-aba255d2e3f0","name":"Total bilirubin","shortDescription":"Bilirubin is the yellow pigment made when old red blood cells are broken down, which the liver then processes and sends out in bile. This result reports all of it together.","description":"Total bilirubin is the headcount of all bilirubin pigment in your blood. Think of bilirubin as used-up paint scraped from old red blood cells. Your liver works like a cleaning station that catches this paint, changes it into a water-friendly form, and sends it out through bile into the gut. Total bilirubin includes both the form still on its way to the liver and the form already prepared for removal. Very low levels suggest little leftover pigment in circulation. Very high levels mean the paint stays in the bloodstream and can tint skin and eyes yellow. A balanced level shows steady clean-up of old blood cells and smooth liver traffic.","unit":"mg/dL","category":{"uuid":"7710ac89-0214-454f-b653-12c40ffb1c0d","internalName":"liver-digestion","name":"Liver & digestion","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"alp","uuid":"43075967-4927-4e32-8ca3-5c1d67e20309","name":"Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)","shortDescription":"An enzyme found mainly in the bile ducts of the liver and in bone, both of which release it into the blood. The result mixes the two sources, so it is read alongside your other liver markers.","description":"Alkaline Phosphatase, or ALP, is like a multitool for your body’s building crews. It works mainly in bone and liver cells. Think of ALP as a helper that unlocks small phosphate pieces so cells can build and repair structures. The liver releases ALP when it moves substances out of cells and into bile. Bones release ALP when bone‑forming cells lay down new mineral. Very low ALP suggests the crews build and repair more slowly. Very high ALP suggests unusually busy building activity in bone or liver tissue. A balanced ALP level suggests bone growth, bone turnover, and basic liver processing all run at a steady, sustainable pace.","unit":"U/L","category":{"uuid":"7710ac89-0214-454f-b653-12c40ffb1c0d","internalName":"liver-digestion","name":"Liver & digestion","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"alt","uuid":"73d35332-4c68-4410-a3fe-5166edfdbd38","name":"Alanine Transaminase (ALT)","shortDescription":"ALT is an enzyme concentrated inside liver cells, which leaks into the blood when those cells are under stress. It is the most liver-specific of the two standard liver enzymes.","description":"Alanine Transaminase, or ALT, is a liver enzyme that acts like a tiny worker inside liver cells. Picture a busy workshop where each worker helps handle and reshape building blocks from protein. ALT helps move pieces between these blocks so the body can use them for energy and repair. The liver makes ALT and keeps most of it inside its cells. When liver cells feel stressed or injured, more workers leak out into the bloodstream, so the blood ALT headcount rises. Very low ALT usually means few active workers in circulation. Very high ALT means many workers escaped the workshop at once. A steady, moderate ALT level shows a calm, efficient liver workshop.","unit":"U/L","category":{"uuid":"7710ac89-0214-454f-b653-12c40ffb1c0d","internalName":"liver-digestion","name":"Liver & digestion","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"ast","uuid":"95e23fea-847f-48a0-8345-4839b4807362","name":"Aspartate Transaminase (AST)","shortDescription":"AST is an enzyme found in the liver, muscles, heart and red blood cells, which leaks into the blood when any of them are under stress. It is read alongside ALT to see where a change may come from.","description":"Aspartate Transaminase (AST) is an enzyme that acts like a tiny worker inside cells. You can picture many small factory stations that move building blocks in and out. AST helps move parts of amino acids so cells can turn food into usable energy. The liver, heart, and muscles contain many of these AST stations. When cells stay healthy, only a small amount of AST escapes into the blood. When cells feel stressed, more AST leaks out, like tools spilling from a workshop. Very low AST suggests less active enzyme work in these tissues. Higher AST suggests more stress on these cells. A steady middle range suggests your liver and muscles manage their daily workload well.","unit":"U/L","category":{"uuid":"7710ac89-0214-454f-b653-12c40ffb1c0d","internalName":"liver-digestion","name":"Liver & digestion","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"homa","uuid":"1920b2e9-deb4-418a-8ac3-ee79e8118182","name":"HOMA index","shortDescription":"A calculated index that combines your fasting glucose and fasting insulin. It gives a picture of how much insulin your body needs to keep blood sugar steady, often described as insulin resistance.","description":"HOMA index is a score that links fasting sugar and insulin. Think of it as a workload meter for your sugar control system. When you eat, sugar enters the blood and insulin acts like a key that lets sugar into cells. The HOMA calculation looks at how much insulin your body needs to keep fasting sugar in a steady range. A low score suggests the system keeps traffic light and flowing with fewer keys. A higher score suggests heavier traffic and more keys in use. Very low values may reflect less backup capacity. Very high values suggest the system works harder than usual. A balanced HOMA index means smooth traffic and steady energy flow.","unit":"calc","category":{"uuid":"4ca630c1-37de-42b8-babb-c2e127d938be","internalName":"blood-sugar-metabolism","name":"Blood sugar & metabolism","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":true,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"triglycerides","uuid":"bba7fec7-24ef-4569-9271-cbca49446f02","name":"Triglycerides","shortDescription":"Triglycerides are the main fat in your blood, carried in particles that deliver energy to your tissues. They are the most food-sensitive of the standard lipid results, so they respond quickly to changes in diet.","description":"Triglycerides are fat packages that your blood uses like small fuel trucks. Each truck carries energy from food to storage depots in fat tissue. The liver loads these trucks, and later also helps unload and clear them. When traffic flows smoothly, trucks deliver energy, then leave the road again. When many trucks stay in circulation for too long, they cluster and touch blood vessel walls. Very low levels suggest fewer fuel trucks and may reflect low energy stores or food intake. Very high levels mean heavy truck traffic and thicker blood, which strains vessels and organs over time. A balanced level keeps enough trucks for daily needs without clogging the roads.","unit":"g/L","category":{"uuid":"2fd25cd7-cb07-4136-a636-a730dd49c2fd","internalName":"heart-cholesterol","name":"Heart & cholesterol","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"ferritine","uuid":"311a6e0e-b3ab-44c1-946b-0544bbb35d6b","name":"Ferritin","shortDescription":"Ferritin is the protein your body stores iron in, and a small amount circulates in proportion to those stores. It is the best single indicator of how much iron you have in reserve.","description":"Ferritin is your iron storage tank. You can picture it as many tiny locked boxes that keep iron safe until the body needs it. Cells fill these boxes when iron is plenty and open them when iron runs low. This protects tissues because loose iron behaves like sparks near dry wood. Too few ferritin boxes or very empty boxes mean iron stores run low and energy production can slow. Very full tanks over long periods mean extra iron stays parked in tissues. Balanced ferritin means storage matches needs. Iron moves in and out smoothly, and organs work with steady fuel without extra sparks or shortages.","unit":"ug/L","category":{"uuid":"4cf1f573-ca69-4b87-a4db-23d8a0e52863","internalName":"blood-cells-iron","name":"Blood cells & iron","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"fasting-blood-sugar","uuid":"c6905310-8eb3-4374-a0fe-1d99d5af027b","name":"Fasting Blood Sugar","shortDescription":"The amount of sugar in your blood after an overnight fast. It is the usual starting point for seeing how your body handles sugar.","description":"Fasting Blood Sugar is the headcount of glucose in your blood after a fast. Imagine glucose as fuel units in your bloodstream and your body as a car. The fuel tank needs enough units for a smooth ride, but not so many that the fuel spills over. After an overnight fast, your liver releases controlled amounts of glucose and hormones fine tune this flow. If the headcount is too low, the brain and muscles receive less quick fuel and you may feel shaky or tired. If it is too high, extra fuel stays in the blood and sticks around for longer. Balanced fasting sugar keeps energy steady and protects blood vessels over time.","unit":"g/L","category":{"uuid":"4ca630c1-37de-42b8-babb-c2e127d938be","internalName":"blood-sugar-metabolism","name":"Blood sugar & metabolism","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"insulin","uuid":"c66e16bd-22f6-4a13-b492-321836896a07","name":"Insulin","shortDescription":"Insulin is the hormone that moves sugar from your blood into your cells. This measures how much is circulating after an overnight fast. A higher level can mean your body is working harder to keep blood sugar steady.","description":"Insulin is a hormone that acts like a traffic officer for sugar. It stands at the crossroads between your blood and your cells and directs sugar into the right lanes. Your pancreas sends out insulin when sugar rises in your blood after you eat. Insulin then tells muscle, liver, and fat cells to open their doors and pull sugar inside for use or storage. Low insulin means fewer doors open, so sugar stays on the road and energy supply drops. High insulin means a constant strong signal, so cells keep storing more and more fuel. Balanced insulin keeps blood sugar steady, energy available, and storage under control.","unit":"uUI/mL","category":{"uuid":"4ca630c1-37de-42b8-babb-c2e127d938be","internalName":"blood-sugar-metabolism","name":"Blood sugar & metabolism","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"hba1c","uuid":"d30c0da4-e0ed-4b79-88f8-83e1f1277aa6","name":"HbA1c","shortDescription":"The share of haemoglobin in your red blood cells that has sugar attached to it. Because red cells live around three months, it gives a picture of your average blood sugar over the past 8 to 12 weeks, beyond a single day.","description":"HbA1c is a measure of how much sugar sticks to red blood cells. Imagine each red blood cell as a worker and sugar as tiny stickers. The more stickers on each worker, the higher your HbA1c. Your body moves these cells through blood vessels for about three months. During that time, sugar attaches to them in proportion to how much sugar moves in your blood. Low HbA1c means fewer sugar stickers on each cell. Very high HbA1c means many stickers that stay for weeks. Balanced levels suggest your body keeps sugar in a steady, gentle range over time.","unit":"%","category":{"uuid":"4ca630c1-37de-42b8-babb-c2e127d938be","internalName":"blood-sugar-metabolism","name":"Blood sugar & metabolism","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"lipoprotein","uuid":"fecd19ee-68a4-4e6c-86e4-21f97e59ff73","name":"Lipoprotein (a)","shortDescription":"Lp(a) is a particular type of cholesterol-carrying particle. Its level is set almost entirely by the genes you inherited, so it tends to stay stable through life and is useful to know at least once.","description":"Lipoprotein (a), or Lp(a), is like a special kind of delivery truck in your blood. Each truck carries cholesterol and has an extra sticky badge called apolipoprotein(a). Your liver makes these trucks and also clears them away. When the liver sends out more Lp(a) trucks than it removes, traffic in the blood grows heavier. Ordinary cholesterol tests count the cargo. Lp(a) focuses on a specific group of trucks that carry more sticky cargo. Very low levels mean fewer sticky trucks on the road. Very high levels mean many sticky trucks pass along artery walls for many years. A balanced level keeps traffic moving while reducing wear on those vessel walls over time.","unit":"mg/L","category":{"uuid":"2fd25cd7-cb07-4136-a636-a730dd49c2fd","internalName":"heart-cholesterol","name":"Heart & cholesterol","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"apolipoprotein-b","uuid":"77d35fc6-5f99-46ce-be8d-be374752853c","name":"Apolipoprotein B (ApoB)","shortDescription":"Each cholesterol-carrying particle that can lodge in an artery wall carries exactly one ApoB protein. This test effectively counts those particles, rather than measuring the cholesterol inside them, which gives a more direct picture.","description":"Apolipoprotein B is like a name badge on each cholesterol-carrying particle in your blood. Every LDL, VLDL, IDL, and similar particle carries exactly one ApoB protein. So the ApoB result works like a headcount of these particles, not just a measure of how much cholesterol they carry. Your liver makes these particles, sends them into the bloodstream, and later takes them back for recycling. When your body clears them well, particle numbers stay lower and blood flow stays smoother. Cholesterol tests measure how much fat is inside the particles. ApoB instead counts how many particles are present. More particles mean more chances to bump and stick to artery walls over time. An ApoB level in a healthy range supports flexible vessels and steady blood flow for the long term.","unit":"mg/dL","category":{"uuid":"2fd25cd7-cb07-4136-a636-a730dd49c2fd","internalName":"heart-cholesterol","name":"Heart & cholesterol","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"hdl-cholesterol","uuid":"5e96589c-ae94-4d13-bfa6-f89744217dbb","name":"HDL-Cholesterol","shortDescription":"The cholesterol carried by HDL particles, which move cholesterol away from tissues and back to the liver. It is one part of your total cholesterol and helps read the rest of your lipid results.","description":"HDL-Cholesterol is the cholesterol carried by HDL particles. Think of HDL particles as tiny recycling trucks in your blood. Each truck collects spare cholesterol from tissues and delivers it back to the liver. The liver then processes this cholesterol and sends it out of the body. HDL-Cholesterol reflects how many of these helpful trucks move cholesterol in the right direction. Very low HDL-Cholesterol suggests fewer or less active trucks on the road. Very high HDL-Cholesterol can also signal that traffic is not balanced. A steady, balanced HDL-Cholesterol level means good recycling traffic and smoother flow in your blood vessels over time.","unit":"mg/dL","category":{"uuid":"2fd25cd7-cb07-4136-a636-a730dd49c2fd","internalName":"heart-cholesterol","name":"Heart & cholesterol","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"ldl-cholesterol","uuid":"8486a3ec-3db0-4fe4-8ab3-395b07aabc1c","name":"LDL-Cholesterol","shortDescription":"The cholesterol carried by LDL particles, the main type that can deposit in artery walls. It is usually calculated from your other lipid results, and is one of the most common markers to follow over time.","description":"LDL-cholesterol is the cholesterol cargo inside LDL particles in your blood. Picture delivery trucks carrying boxes of cholesterol from the liver to many cells. Each truck is a particle and the boxes are LDL-cholesterol. The liver loads these trucks, sends them out, and then calls them back when cells have enough. If trucks stay too long on the road, more cholesterol may stick to vessel walls over years. Very low LDL-cholesterol may limit supplies for hormone building and cell repair. Very high LDL-cholesterol means many loaded trucks on the road for longer. Balanced LDL-cholesterol keeps enough cargo for hormones and cell membranes, while avoiding long traffic jams inside vessel walls.","unit":"mg/dL","category":{"uuid":"2fd25cd7-cb07-4136-a636-a730dd49c2fd","internalName":"heart-cholesterol","name":"Heart & cholesterol","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"vitamin-b12","uuid":"e2c1e2af-c572-449e-a276-62c26f5ca150","name":"Vitamin B12","shortDescription":"This measures the total vitamin B12 circulating in your blood. B12 comes almost entirely from animal foods or from fortified foods and supplements, so the level can reflect your eating pattern.","description":"Vitamin B12 is a nutrient that acts like a tiny electrician inside the body. Picture millions of wires running through the brain and muscles. Vitamin B12 helps keep the insulation on those wires strong and intact. Cells in the gut absorb vitamin B12 and then pass it into the blood, where it travels to the brain, bone marrow, and skin. The body stores some and uses some every day. Very low levels slow nerve signals and red blood cell production, like a city running on low power. Very high levels in blood sometimes reflect storage or release changes. A steady, balanced level keeps energy production, thinking, and nerve signaling running smoothly. This value is total serum B12 (cobalamin): all the B12 circulating in the blood, whether carried by transcobalamin (the active fraction, also called holotranscobalamin) or by haptocorrin (the storage fraction). It is not a measurement of holotranscobalamin or transcobalamin alone.","unit":"pg/mL","category":{"uuid":"7530509c-dfb6-432d-adc3-1da8f7b2e999","internalName":"vitamins-antioxidants","name":"Vitamins & antioxidants","imageUrl":null,"type":"functional"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"total-testosterone","uuid":"a9bb5d4b-53b8-4ffd-a396-9852b54a7c27","name":"Total Testosterone","shortDescription":"This measures all the testosterone in your blood, both the part bound to carrier proteins and the small free part. Read with SHBG, it gives a fuller picture of how much is available to your body.","description":"Total testosterone is the body’s main “go” signal for drive, muscle, and growth. Imagine it as a volume dial that turns body systems up or down. Each testosterone molecule works like a tiny messenger that carries clear orders. Glands release these messengers into the blood, and they travel to muscles, bones, skin, brain, and reproductive organs. Total testosterone counts all messengers in the blood, both free and tied to carrier proteins. When the count stays very low, the dial turns down and energy, strength, and drive can feel flat. When the count stays very high, the dial turns up and oil production, body hair, and mood swings can increase. A steady, balanced level keeps the dial in a comfortable middle zone.","unit":"nmol/L","category":{"uuid":"c42d64a4-f596-4b31-b099-75476aed780a","internalName":"hormones","name":"Hormones","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"vitamin-d","uuid":"37c6c118-d4db-4556-9557-371b901a7950","name":"25-hydroxyvitamin D (total)","shortDescription":"This measures 25-hydroxy vitamin D, the storage form of vitamin D in your blood. It comes from sunlight on your skin, oily fish, fortified foods and supplements, so it gives a picture of your overall vitamin D supply.","description":"Vitamin D is like a supervisor for your body’s building crew. It checks that enough raw materials arrive to keep bones, muscles, and nerves working smoothly. The skin makes vitamin D from sunlight, and food adds to the stock. The liver then turns it into the main storage form measured in blood. If this store is very low, the body struggles to pull calcium into the bloodstream, so bones and muscles do not get what they need. If levels are very high for a long time, extra calcium can leave the gut and spill into the blood. A balanced vitamin D level keeps this supply chain steady and protects strong bones and stable muscles.","unit":"ng/mL","category":{"uuid":"40599716-f96e-43bb-9691-647c08591667","internalName":"muscle-bone-recovery","name":"Muscle, bone & recovery","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"t4-free","uuid":"5e67b403-124c-4773-9fc4-ad2a364a2670","name":"Thyroxine (T4) Free","shortDescription":"This measures thyroxine, the main thyroid hormone, circulating free in your blood rather than bound to carrier proteins. Read with TSH, it gives a picture of how your thyroid is working.","description":"Thyroxine (T4) Free is the active thyroid hormone in your blood. Imagine it as tiny energy managers moving through a factory that is your body. Each manager visits cells and tells them how fast to work and how much fuel to burn. The thyroid makes T4, releases it, and some of it travels free, not tied to carrier proteins. Only this free part enters cells and turns on energy programs. Bound T4 rides on proteins as storage and transport. If free T4 runs low, the factory slows, and everything feels on low power. If free T4 runs high, the factory runs too fast and wastes fuel. Balanced free T4 keeps the factory steady and efficient.","unit":"ng/dL","category":{"uuid":"c42d64a4-f596-4b31-b099-75476aed780a","internalName":"hormones","name":"Hormones","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"fsh","uuid":"e6f8d472-c635-46d3-9a90-8deea35209ff","name":"Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)","shortDescription":"This measures follicle-stimulating hormone, one of the signals your pituitary sends to the ovaries or testes. In women it tends to rise as ovarian function declines, so it helps give context around life stage.","description":"Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) is a chemical messenger from the brain. Think of it as a volume knob that turns up or down activity in the ovaries or testes. The brain makes FSH in the pituitary gland and sends it into the blood. FSH then tells ovarian follicles or sperm‑making cells how hard to work. When FSH is low, the brain sends a softer signal, and the organs respond less. When FSH is high, the brain turns the signal up to push the organs harder. The right balance keeps hormone cycles steady, egg development on track, and sperm production stable over time.","unit":"mlU/mL","category":{"uuid":"c42d64a4-f596-4b31-b099-75476aed780a","internalName":"hormones","name":"Hormones","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"estradiol","uuid":"fa90681a-1d8e-4e39-b263-1c5790fab3c6","name":"Estradiol","shortDescription":"This measures oestradiol, the main oestrogen, in your blood. In women it rises and falls across the menstrual cycle, and in men a small amount is made from testosterone, so timing and context matter when reading it.","description":"Estradiol is a key estrogen hormone that acts like a master dimmer switch for many body systems. Imagine it as a light control that brightens or softens signals in cells. The ovaries, testes, and fat tissue make estradiol, then blood carries it to organs. Cells read its “brightness” and adjust growth, repair, and energy use. Some estradiol travels free, and some travels bound to carrier proteins, which limits how active it is. If estradiol stays very low, bones, brain, skin, and sexual function can slow down. If it stays very high, tissues that respond to estrogen can become overstimulated. A balanced estradiol headcount keeps cycles, bones, mood, and body composition steady.","unit":"pmol/L","category":{"uuid":"c42d64a4-f596-4b31-b099-75476aed780a","internalName":"hormones","name":"Hormones","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"chloride","uuid":"203af913-0336-42d9-8562-9c4ad4d976e5","name":"Chloride","shortDescription":"Chloride is the salt partner of sodium in your blood, measured as part of the electrolyte panel. It helps give a picture of your salt and water balance together with sodium and bicarbonate.","description":"Chloride is like a crowd of tiny gatekeepers around each cell. Each chloride ion is one gatekeeper that helps control water in and out of the cell. Your gut absorbs chloride from salt in food. Your blood carries it, and the kidneys adjust how much you keep or lose. This keeps your inner “water and acid meter” steady. Very low chloride means too few gatekeepers. Water balance and acid levels then drift, and cells work less smoothly. Very high chloride means too many gatekeepers. Fluids and acid levels shift the other way, and cells feel stressed. A steady chloride headcount keeps your blood, organs, and cells in a comfortable working zone.","unit":"mmol/L","category":{"uuid":"622fe5fb-db0a-4678-b84d-d1d186b8b3b7","internalName":"minerals-hydration","name":"Minerals & hydration","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"shbg","uuid":"b4e6a445-0355-4175-b2a0-ba05d46798b8","name":"SHBG","shortDescription":"This measures sex hormone binding globulin, the carrier protein that holds most of your testosterone and oestradiol. Only the unbound part is available to your tissues, so SHBG helps make sense of your hormone levels.","description":"SHBG is a protein that acts like a fleet of taxis for sex hormones. Each SHBG molecule is one taxi that can pick up hormones such as testosterone and estrogen. The liver makes these taxis and releases them into the blood. When many taxis are available, more hormones ride in the taxi and stay in storage. When fewer taxis circulate, more hormones travel freely and act on organs like skin, muscles, and brain. Total hormone shows all passengers, while SHBG hints how many ride free versus carried. If SHBG is very low, hormone action may feel stronger. If SHBG is very high, hormone action may feel weaker. A balanced SHBG level keeps hormone delivery steady and predictable.","unit":"nmol/L","category":{"uuid":"c42d64a4-f596-4b31-b099-75476aed780a","internalName":"hormones","name":"Hormones","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"lipases","uuid":"36342420-557b-4573-8f1b-2d57cf71f53e","name":"Lipase","shortDescription":"Lipase is an enzyme your pancreas makes to digest fat, measured here in the blood. It rises sharply when the pancreas is inflamed, so it gives a picture of how the pancreas is doing.","description":"Lipases are enzymes that act like tiny scissors for fats. They cut large fat drops into small pieces so your gut can handle them. Think of a greasy pan washed with dish soap; lipases are that soap for fats in food. The pancreas and other organs release lipases into the gut and blood. They help turn fat into usable fuel and building blocks. When lipase levels drop very low, fat breakdown slows and digestion of fatty meals becomes harder. When lipase levels rise a lot, it suggests fat handling works under extra strain. Balanced lipase activity keeps digestion smooth, energy steady, and fat use efficient.","unit":"U/L","category":{"uuid":"7710ac89-0214-454f-b653-12c40ffb1c0d","internalName":"liver-digestion","name":"Liver & digestion","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"lh","uuid":"ef98d250-1634-4949-a2ae-d6f4b261ceb2","name":"Luteinizing Hormone (LH)","shortDescription":"This measures luteinising hormone, one of the two signals your pituitary gland sends to the ovaries or testes. It is usually read alongside FSH and the sex hormones.","description":"Luteinizing hormone is a signal that travels from the brain to the reproductive organs. Think of it as a timed text message that tells hormone‑producing cells when to step on the gas or slow down. The brain sends LH in pulses. Cells in the ovaries or testes read those pulses and adjust hormone production. When LH pulses rise at certain times, they trigger egg release or support sperm production. Very low LH means the messages are weak, so hormone output and timing drop. Very high LH means the brain keeps shouting, which can disturb smooth cycles. A balanced LH pattern keeps cycles regular, hormone levels steady, and long‑term reproductive function more predictable.","unit":"mlU/mL","category":{"uuid":"c42d64a4-f596-4b31-b099-75476aed780a","internalName":"hormones","name":"Hormones","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"wbc","uuid":"aebbdb6d-791f-4976-ab5f-e921fdf981ff","name":"White Blood Cell (WBC) Count","shortDescription":"The total number of white blood cells, the cells your body uses to fight infection, in a blood sample. It is one line of the full blood count and gives a first overview of your immune cells.","description":"White Blood Cell (WBC) count is a headcount of your defender cells. Imagine your bloodstream as a city and white blood cells as security guards. They patrol the streets, watch for trouble, and clear away damaged cells. Your bone marrow makes these cells, then releases them into the blood. When the body senses a challenge, it sends out more guards or pulls some back. Too few guards means slower clean‑up and weaker day‑to‑day defence. Too many guards means constant tension in the streets and more wear on tissues. A balanced WBC count keeps patrols strong but calm, so repair, defence, and recovery stay in sync.","unit":"giga/L","category":{"uuid":"249bca88-a9e5-47c1-ab24-5c3b3c64cdb5","internalName":"inflammation-immunity","name":"Inflammation & immunity","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"creatine-phosphokinase","uuid":"c77867ee-5035-469e-9bdc-3f81948f9e24","name":"Creatine Phosphokinase CPK","shortDescription":"Creatine kinase is an enzyme that leaks out of muscle cells into the blood when muscle fibres are damaged. Hard training can raise it, so it helps follow how your muscles are recovering.","description":"Creatine phosphokinase, or CPK, is like a power manager inside muscle cells. Picture each muscle cell as a small factory with its own battery pack. CPK loads and unloads these batteries so muscles have quick energy for movement. The liver and muscles keep most CPK inside cells, with only small amounts in blood. When many muscle cells work hard or feel stressed, more CPK can leak into the bloodstream, like tools spilling out of a busy factory. Very low CPK may appear when muscles use or repair less than usual. Very high CPK suggests many muscle cells release their contents at once. Balanced CPK shows muscle cells handle energy needs in a steady, controlled way.","unit":"U/L","category":{"uuid":"40599716-f96e-43bb-9691-647c08591667","internalName":"muscle-bone-recovery","name":"Muscle, bone & recovery","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"ratio-trigly-hdl-cholesterol","uuid":"ddc6f7ca-5803-44da-b834-601a4c481623","name":"Triglycerides / HDL Cholesterol ratio","shortDescription":"A calculated ratio that compares your triglycerides with your HDL cholesterol. Putting the two side by side can give a picture of how your body handles fats and sugar together.","description":"Triglycerides / HDL Cholesterol ratio is a headcount-style score for blood fats. Picture the blood as a road and fat-carrying particles as cars. This ratio tells you how many heavy trucks carry fat compared with the smaller “clean-up” cars. Triglycerides show how much fat traffic moves around. HDL cholesterol acts like a street sweeper that helps clear used fat. A low ratio means fewer heavy trucks and plenty of sweepers on the road. A high ratio means more heavy trucks and fewer sweepers, so fat can linger in the bloodstream. Very low values may reflect unusually low fat traffic. Very high values suggest busy, crowded fat traffic. A balanced ratio supports smooth blood flow over time.","unit":"calc","category":{"uuid":"4ca630c1-37de-42b8-babb-c2e127d938be","internalName":"blood-sugar-metabolism","name":"Blood sugar & metabolism","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":true,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"quicki-index","uuid":"6c1d219b-7df5-4c47-b19a-94c338a240b2","name":"QUICKI Insulin Sensitivity Index","shortDescription":"A calculated index that combines your fasting glucose and fasting insulin. It is another way of looking at how sensitive your body is to insulin, and reads alongside HOMA-IR.","description":"QUICKI Insulin Sensitivity Index is a score for how your body handles sugar. Think of it like a traffic report for sugar and insulin on your blood highway. Smooth traffic means sugar moves in and out of cells easily with little insulin. Your liver and pancreas set the number of cars and traffic lights. QUICKI uses fasting sugar and fasting insulin to count how many signals the body needs to move sugar. A higher score means fewer signals and smoother flow. A very low score means sugar needs many signals to move. Balanced QUICKI values show an efficient sugar traffic system with less strain on organs and steadier daily energy.","unit":"calc","category":{"uuid":"4ca630c1-37de-42b8-babb-c2e127d938be","internalName":"blood-sugar-metabolism","name":"Blood sugar & metabolism","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":true,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"apob-apoa1-ratio","uuid":"d94b087e-5092-4ca9-8dcd-e91f2ac88920","name":"ApoB / ApoA1 ratio","shortDescription":"A calculated ratio that compares ApoB with ApoA1. It gives a picture of the balance between particles that can lodge in arteries and those that carry cholesterol away.","description":"The ApoB / ApoA1 ratio is a headcount comparison of two groups of cholesterol carriers. Picture traffic on a road with trucks that drop cargo off and trucks that pick cargo up. ApoB counts the trucks that drop fatty cargo along the vessel walls. ApoA1 counts the trucks that pick cargo up and bring it back to the liver. A higher ratio means more drop-off trucks compared with clean-up trucks over time. A very low ratio means many clean-up trucks compared with fewer delivery trucks. Balanced levels keep traffic flowing and limit leftover cargo on artery walls. This ratio shows how well your body balances loading and unloading of cholesterol.","unit":"calc","category":{"uuid":"2fd25cd7-cb07-4136-a636-a730dd49c2fd","internalName":"heart-cholesterol","name":"Heart & cholesterol","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":true,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"apolipoprotein-a1","uuid":"6e01787a-fe5a-4b15-abea-c1305e1dce90","name":"Apolipoprotein A1","shortDescription":"ApoA1 is the main protein carried by HDL particles, which move cholesterol away from tissues. It is mostly useful when compared with ApoB, to see the balance between the two types of particles.","description":"Apolipoprotein A1 is like the driver of a cleanup truck in your blood. Each driver guides a high‑density lipoprotein particle that picks up extra cholesterol. Your liver makes these drivers and also receives the collected cholesterol back for processing. When enough ApoA1 drivers are on the road, cholesterol leaves artery walls instead of staying stuck there. Total ApoA1 reflects the number of active cleanup drivers, while simple cholesterol measurements only show the load, not the number of trucks. Very low ApoA1 means fewer cleanup trips and less removal of used cholesterol. Very high ApoA1 is less common and can signal an unusual balance. A steady, balanced ApoA1 headcount supports smoother blood flow over time.","unit":"mg/dL","category":{"uuid":"2fd25cd7-cb07-4136-a636-a730dd49c2fd","internalName":"heart-cholesterol","name":"Heart & cholesterol","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"globulin","uuid":"c30d2cdf-7c74-45dd-89bf-546f84fd4854","name":"Globulin","shortDescription":"A calculated value: your total protein minus your albumin. It estimates the globulins, the family of proteins that includes antibodies.","description":"Globulin is a group of blood proteins that act like a delivery and security team. Think of them as trucks and guards moving through your bloodstream. The liver and the immune system make these proteins. They carry nutrients and other substances, and they also help the body respond to challenges. Some globulins act like tools that speed up chemical reactions. Others work like shields that recognise and neutralise unwanted invaders. When globulin is very low, transport and protection may slow down. When globulin is very high, the system may feel like busy traffic with many active guards. A balanced globulin level keeps transport smooth and immune activity well controlled.","unit":"g/dL","category":{"uuid":"7710ac89-0214-454f-b653-12c40ffb1c0d","internalName":"liver-digestion","name":"Liver & digestion","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":true,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"ratio-ast-alt","uuid":"6f06d98a-b7c0-452a-abe7-0e4ec1001d48","name":"AST / ALT ratio","shortDescription":"A calculated ratio that compares your two liver enzymes, AST and ALT. Since AST also comes from muscle and heart, the ratio helps show where a change in these enzymes may come from.","description":"The AST / ALT ratio is a simple headcount comparison of two liver helpers. Imagine two work teams inside liver cells that move pieces of protein around so cells can make energy. One team is AST and the other is ALT. The ratio counts how many from each team spill into the blood. When liver cells stay healthy, the teams leak out in a steady, balanced way. If the ratio is low, ALT workers dominate the spill, which suggests different stress patterns. If the ratio is high, AST workers dominate the spill, which suggests another pattern. A balanced ratio suggests the liver teams share the workload in a stable way over time.","unit":"calc","category":{"uuid":"7710ac89-0214-454f-b653-12c40ffb1c0d","internalName":"liver-digestion","name":"Liver & digestion","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":true,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"non-hdl-cholesterol","uuid":"d83917d9-d053-471f-93b1-5c3e2a2dddb8","name":"Non HDL Cholesterol","shortDescription":"A calculated value: your total cholesterol minus your HDL cholesterol. It adds up the cholesterol in all the particles that can lodge in arteries, not only LDL.","description":"Non-HDL cholesterol is the sum of all cholesterol inside the “non-protective” particles in your blood. Imagine every particle as a small delivery truck carrying fat through your bloodstream. Some trucks act protective, and some leave more fat along the road. Non-HDL counts the cholesterol in the trucks that tend to leave extra fat behind. Your liver sends out these trucks and also calls them back. When too many stay on the road, fat can build up along vessel walls. Very low levels mean fewer trucks and less cargo. High levels mean many trucks, busy roads, and more chance of buildup over years. A balanced level keeps traffic smooth and vessel walls cleaner.","unit":"mg/dL","category":{"uuid":"2fd25cd7-cb07-4136-a636-a730dd49c2fd","internalName":"heart-cholesterol","name":"Heart & cholesterol","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":true,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"protein-urine","uuid":"7b3a0466-1bf3-4986-8dae-1900371cd880","name":"Urine Protein (spot)","shortDescription":"Urine Protein (spot) tells you how well your kidneys keep important proteins out of your urine.","description":"Urine Protein (spot) is a quick check of protein in a single urine sample. Imagine your kidneys as a finely woven filter that keeps useful items in your blood and lets waste flow out. Proteins are like large, valuable parcels that should stay behind the filter. Healthy kidney filters keep almost all these parcels inside and cleanup tubes pick up any small leaks. If the filter or tubes struggle, more parcels slip through into urine. Very low protein in urine suggests the filter works smoothly. Higher protein means more parcels escape the filter. Balanced levels show that the filters control the flow well and help protect long term body balance.","unit":"mg/dL","category":{"uuid":"8350722a-37ad-4796-a613-ae439a280174","internalName":"kidneys","name":"Kidneys","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"URINE","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"urine-microalbumin-creatinine-ratio","uuid":"ed92b5ae-61ce-41e7-afec-764d420c4f20","name":"UACR (urinary albuminuria/creatinine)","shortDescription":"A calculated ratio that compares albumin in your urine with urinary creatinine. Adjusting for how concentrated the sample is makes small amounts of albumin leakage easier to read.","description":"UACR is a measure of protein traffic in your urine. Imagine your kidneys as a water filter with a fine mesh that lets water through but keeps useful proteins inside. UACR counts how much albumin protein slips through compared with creatinine, which acts like a steady marker of urine strength. When the filter works well, only tiny traces of albumin pass through. When the mesh weakens, more albumin leaks, and the count rises. Very low values mean almost no protein loss. Very high values suggest the filter works under strain. A balanced UACR shows your body keeps proteins in the bloodstream while still clearing waste through urine.","unit":"mg/mmol","category":{"uuid":"8350722a-37ad-4796-a613-ae439a280174","internalName":"kidneys","name":"Kidneys","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"URINE","computed":true,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"bilirubin-urine","uuid":"17a95283-cf4a-4fbc-b87c-7bd39ece5257","name":"Urine Bilirubin","shortDescription":"Urine bilirubin tells you how your body moves used red blood cell pigment into urine.","description":"Urine bilirubin is a headcount of pigment packets leaving the body through urine. Picture tiny waste bags that carry worn out red blood cell pigment. The liver normally loads these bags into bile, which flows into the gut instead of the urine stream. When some bags spill into urine, it suggests traffic changes in how the body routes this pigment. Very low or zero counts usually fit smooth routing and clear “pipes.” Higher counts suggest extra pigment bags drift into urine and color it. Balanced levels support steady pigment recycling and clear separation between bile flow and urine flow.","unit":"mg/dL","category":{"uuid":"8350722a-37ad-4796-a613-ae439a280174","internalName":"kidneys","name":"Kidneys","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"URINE","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"phosphate","uuid":"b80bf3d7-aaad-403a-9130-d57ff3f2c77a","name":"Phosphate","shortDescription":"Phosphate tells you how your body manages minerals for bones and energy.","description":"Phosphate is a mineral that acts like building blocks for your body. You can picture it as bricks stored in a warehouse shared by your bones and your cells. The gut brings phosphate in, the kidneys let some go, and bone acts as a storage room. If the kidneys clear too much, the shelves run low and cells may struggle to make energy. If the kidneys clear too little, extra bricks stay in the blood and may settle in soft tissues over time. Balanced phosphate keeps bones strong, muscles working smoothly, and energy production steady.","unit":"mg/L","category":{"uuid":"40599716-f96e-43bb-9691-647c08591667","internalName":"muscle-bone-recovery","name":"Muscle, bone & recovery","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"urea-creatinine-ratio","uuid":"af1a01a5-515b-4bc2-8f41-9c296c22cd4c","name":"Urea / Creatinine ratio","shortDescription":"A calculated ratio that compares your blood urea with your creatinine. It can help separate the effect of hydration and protein intake from kidney filtering itself.","description":"Urea-creatinine ratio is a simple headcount comparison between two waste products. Imagine a factory that uses protein as raw material and muscles as machines. Urea is like leftover scrap from using protein. Creatinine is like worn parts from muscle use. The ratio compares how much protein scrap you make for each worn muscle part. A low ratio suggests less protein scrap compared with muscle use. A high ratio suggests more protein scrap or changes in water balance. Balanced levels suggest that protein use, muscle activity, and waste removal stay in sync. This balance supports steady energy supply and smooth clearing of waste through the kidneys over time.","unit":"%","category":{"uuid":"8350722a-37ad-4796-a613-ae439a280174","internalName":"kidneys","name":"Kidneys","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":true,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"urobilinogen-urine","uuid":"a87af8c0-0391-420a-8790-315e2cab917e","name":"Urobilinogen (Urine)","shortDescription":"Urobilinogen (urine) tells you how your gut and liver process bile pigments.","description":"Urobilinogen in urine is like used paint washing out of a factory. The factory is the liver. The paint is bile pigment that gives stool and urine their color. Gut bacteria change this pigment into urobilinogen. Part of it returns to the blood, and the kidneys send some into urine. A urine test counts how much of this washed‑out color leaves your body. Very low levels suggest little pigment reaches urine. Very high levels suggest extra pigment traffic between gut, blood, and kidneys. Balanced urobilinogen shows a steady flow through this color cycle and stable urine conditions for testing.","unit":"mg/dL","category":{"uuid":"8350722a-37ad-4796-a613-ae439a280174","internalName":"kidneys","name":"Kidneys","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"URINE","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"urine-ketones","uuid":"a9541023-b9cf-41a7-953b-08698082fe0a","name":"Urine Ketones","shortDescription":"Urine ketones indicate whether your body is breaking down fat into ketones that spill into urine.","description":"Urine ketones measure ketone bodies, mainly acetoacetate, in a urine sample. Ketones are produced when the body uses fat as a major fuel source instead of glucose. A negative result is expected for most well-fed people and usually means the body is not spilling ketones into urine. Trace or positive results can appear with prolonged fasting, very low-carbohydrate intake, intense exercise, dehydration, pregnancy, or poorly controlled diabetes. This result is interpreted alongside symptoms, blood glucose, hydration status, and the wider urinalysis panel.","unit":"","category":{"uuid":"8350722a-37ad-4796-a613-ae439a280174","internalName":"kidneys","name":"Kidneys","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"URINE","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"glucose-urine","uuid":"52ac0ad0-a559-4ab4-9418-e61b47c7197e","name":"Urine Glucose","shortDescription":"Urine glucose tells you how much sugar spills from your blood into your urine.","description":"Urine glucose is like checking if sugar leaks through a filter into a drain. The kidneys act as that filter and drain system. They grab sugar from the blood, filter it, then pull it back so it does not wash away. When blood sugar rises or the filter struggles, extra sugar slips through and shows up in urine. Very low urine glucose means almost no sugar escapes into the drain. Very high urine glucose means a lot of sugar now flows past the filter. A balanced level means the kidneys handle sugar well and blood sugar stays in a comfortable zone for the body.","unit":"mg/dL","category":{"uuid":"8350722a-37ad-4796-a613-ae439a280174","internalName":"kidneys","name":"Kidneys","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"URINE","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"nitrite-urine","uuid":"7cb08de7-2ce5-47c1-80eb-82faa10ecb21","name":"Urine Nitrite","shortDescription":"Urine nitrite tells you if certain bacteria changed urine nitrate into nitrite.","description":"Urine nitrite is a marker that shows if some bacteria leave a footprint in urine. Picture your bladder and urinary tubes as simple plumbing. Clean pipes stay clear. Unwanted guests leave chemical crumbs behind. The body sends nitrate into urine. Some bacteria use this nitrate as fuel. They change it into nitrite, like workers changing one type of brick into another. A test then counts this nitrite. Very low or absent nitrite suggests little or no such activity. Higher nitrite means more of these bacteria at work over time. Balanced results suggest calmer “pipe traffic” and fewer bacterial leftovers in the urinary system.","unit":"mg/dL","category":{"uuid":"8350722a-37ad-4796-a613-ae439a280174","internalName":"kidneys","name":"Kidneys","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"URINE","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"small-ldl-cholesterol","uuid":"470c6978-a364-49af-8555-bdb9f331f3c3","name":"Small LDL Cholesterol","shortDescription":"Small LDL Cholesterol","description":"Small LDL Cholesterol","unit":"mg/dL","category":{"uuid":"2fd25cd7-cb07-4136-a636-a730dd49c2fd","internalName":"heart-cholesterol","name":"Heart & cholesterol","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"cholesterol-hdl-ratio","uuid":"b42914bf-b897-4075-bb9b-e89f20a3a68d","name":"Total Cholesterol / HDL ratio","shortDescription":"Total Cholesterol / HDL ratio tells you how balanced your blood fats are.","description":"Total Cholesterol / HDL ratio is a way to compare “traffic” on your blood fat roads. Total cholesterol is all the cars on the road. HDL cholesterol is the cleanup crew trucks that pick up extra cars. Your liver sends out these cars and also calls them back in. If cleanup trucks stay strong, traffic stays smooth and your pipes stay clearer. If few cleanup trucks show up, extra cars circle longer and may press on vessel walls. A ratio that is too low can reflect very low fat transport. A ratio that is high means many cars and not enough cleanup trucks. A balanced ratio means smooth traffic, good cleanup, and steady blood flow.","unit":"calc","category":{"uuid":"2fd25cd7-cb07-4136-a636-a730dd49c2fd","internalName":"heart-cholesterol","name":"Heart & cholesterol","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":true,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"tibc","uuid":"4840e3c0-7010-408e-8115-31120855613c","name":"TIBC","shortDescription":"TIBC tells you how much iron your blood can carry safely.","description":"TIBC is a measure of how many iron “seats” your blood has. Imagine transferrin proteins as buses that carry iron passengers through your bloodstream. TIBC counts how many total seats exist on all these buses, not how many passengers sit in them right now. The liver makes these buses and also clears excess iron, which keeps traffic smooth. A very low seat count suggests fewer buses to move iron where it is needed. A very high seat count suggests many empty seats and less iron on board. A balanced TIBC keeps iron traffic steady so muscles, brain, and other organs receive the iron they need at the right pace.","unit":"umol/L","category":{"uuid":"4cf1f573-ca69-4b87-a4db-23d8a0e52863","internalName":"blood-cells-iron","name":"Blood cells & iron","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":true,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"ph-urine","uuid":"940b3aa2-51d5-4322-a42b-2a8ec85ccf56","name":"Urine pH","shortDescription":"Urine pH tells you how acidic or alkaline your urine is.","description":"Urine pH is a measure of how acidic or alkaline your urine is. Imagine a scale from sour lemon juice to mild soapy water. Urine pH shows where your body sets the dial on that scale each day. Your kidneys act like careful workers that adjust this dial. They move acids and minerals in or out of urine to keep blood chemistry steady. Food, hydration, and how much you move all shift this balance. Very low pH means urine is more acidic than usual. Very high pH means it is more alkaline than usual. A balanced urine pH suggests your body handles daily acid and mineral loads smoothly.","unit":"pH","category":{"uuid":"8350722a-37ad-4796-a613-ae439a280174","internalName":"kidneys","name":"Kidneys","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"URINE","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"omg-aa","uuid":"8114d4a3-f3e4-40a4-a2ac-1c174ba2a422","name":"Arachidonic acid (AA)","shortDescription":"Acid AA tells you how much arachidonic acid is present in your blood fats.","description":"Acid AA measures arachidonic acid, a special fat in cell walls. Imagine each cell wrapped in a flexible jacket that lets things in and out. Arachidonic acid helps keep that jacket the right mix of firm and flexible. Your liver and other tissues place these fats in the jacket, then use them as signals when the body faces stress or injury. One arachidonic acid molecule is like one tiny messenger waiting for a call. Too few messengers and cells send weaker repair and stress signals. Too many and the signals can feel loud and pushy. The right balance keeps tissues stable, calm, and ready to respond when needed.","unit":"%","category":{"uuid":"2fd25cd7-cb07-4136-a636-a730dd49c2fd","internalName":"heart-cholesterol","name":"Heart & cholesterol","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"omg-epa","uuid":"7fdbbfb3-f02e-48de-bcb6-00d8748a1c87","name":"Eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5, EPA)","shortDescription":"Acid EPA tells you how much of the omega‑3 EPA sits in your blood fats.","description":"Acid EPA is the headcount of EPA molecules in your blood fats. Imagine tiny delivery vans on a road, each van carrying a bit of EPA. The lab counts how many EPA vans move with your other fats, not just how much fat they carry. Your liver loads and unloads these vans. If it loads very few, the traffic lacks EPA and the balance tilts toward more “sparking” fats. If it loads many, traffic calms and signals shift toward a cooler state. Very low counts may weaken this calming effect. Very high counts may crowd other fats. A balanced count keeps signals steady and blood flow smooth.","unit":"%","category":{"uuid":"2fd25cd7-cb07-4136-a636-a730dd49c2fd","internalName":"heart-cholesterol","name":"Heart & cholesterol","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"albumin-creatinine-ratio","uuid":"96582ca2-f972-4784-a4bb-8b990ec6b94b","name":"Albumin / Creatinine ratio","shortDescription":"Albumin‑creatinine ratio tells you how tightly your kidney filters hold important proteins.","description":"Albumin‑creatinine ratio is a check on kidney filter leaks. Picture each kidney as a kitchen sieve that lets water through but holds back beans. Albumin is like a valuable bean that should stay in the pot, not slip through the holes. Creatinine acts like a steady marker of how concentrated the urine sample is. The ratio compares the escaped beans with the creatinine in the same sample, so it does not depend on how much you drank. Each albumin “bean” in urine shows a tiny gap in the sieve. Very low ratios suggest the sieve holds almost all beans. Very high ratios suggest many beans slip through and strain the filters. A balanced ratio means the filters keep key proteins in blood while letting waste water out smoothly.","unit":"mg/mmol","category":{"uuid":"8350722a-37ad-4796-a613-ae439a280174","internalName":"kidneys","name":"Kidneys","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"URINE","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"lymphocytes-percentage","uuid":"d1caa4a1-22c7-4049-885e-58789b6bcf54","name":"Lymphocytes %","shortDescription":"The share of your white blood cells that are lymphocytes, given as a percentage. It is the same measurement as the lymphocyte count, shown in a different unit.","description":"Lymphocytes % is the share of your white blood cells that are lymphocytes. Picture your immune system as a security team, with lymphocytes as the detectives. The percentage tells you how many detectives you have compared with all guards on duty. The body makes lymphocytes in lymph tissue and releases them into the blood, then clears and replaces them as needed. A low percentage suggests fewer detectives on patrol compared with other guards. A high percentage suggests many detectives focused on targeted checks. Balanced levels mean a steady team that spots threats, remembers past invaders, and keeps responses measured rather than too weak or too strong.","unit":"%","category":{"uuid":"249bca88-a9e5-47c1-ab24-5c3b3c64cdb5","internalName":"inflammation-immunity","name":"Inflammation & immunity","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"biological-age","uuid":"bc2ef87e-fd80-4295-8863-25f4676f8bbe","name":"Biological age","shortDescription":"PhenoAge is calculated, not measured. It combines your age and sex with nine routine blood markers, including albumin, creatinine, fasting glucose, hs-CRP and blood cell values, into an estimate of biological age that you can follow over time.","description":"Biological age is a headcount of how many “wear and tear points” your body has collected. Think of every organ as a team in a company. Each team works, repairs, and replaces its members over time. Biological age counts how well these teams still perform their jobs. Blood markers from liver, kidneys, blood cells, and immune system act like performance scores. Higher scores show smoother work and quicker repair. Lower scores show slower repair and more strain. If biological age is much lower than your birth age, your body runs like a younger team. If it is much higher, your body works harder to keep up. A balanced age suggests steady, efficient function across systems.","unit":"years old","category":{"uuid":"f4373344-8f9b-48d8-8926-4f4d58d7342d","internalName":"whole-body-scores","name":"Whole-body scores","imageUrl":null,"type":"functional"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":true,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"lymphocyte-monocyte-ratio","uuid":"b8c5465f-4364-4052-a62f-6c4ec44d13c7","name":"LMR (Lymphocytes/Monocytes)","shortDescription":"LMR (Lymphocytes/Monocytes) reflects the balance between adaptive immunity and innate inflammation.","description":null,"unit":"ratio","category":{"uuid":"249bca88-a9e5-47c1-ab24-5c3b3c64cdb5","internalName":"inflammation-immunity","name":"Inflammation & immunity","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"OTHER","computed":true,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"monocyte-hdl-ratio","uuid":"a6dc49dd-0dca-492b-abfc-129ce28a2af2","name":"MHR (Monocytes/HDL)","shortDescription":"MHR (Monocytes/HDL) summarises low-grade inflammation against your protective cholesterol.","description":null,"unit":"ratio","category":{"uuid":"249bca88-a9e5-47c1-ab24-5c3b3c64cdb5","internalName":"inflammation-immunity","name":"Inflammation & immunity","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"OTHER","computed":true,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"platelet-lymphocyte-ratio","uuid":"bfef37f8-501d-4b29-b883-feac98513993","name":"PLR (Platelets/Lymphocytes)","shortDescription":"PLR (Platelets/Lymphocytes) reflects how thrombo-inflammatory and immune activity stay balanced.","description":null,"unit":"ratio","category":{"uuid":"249bca88-a9e5-47c1-ab24-5c3b3c64cdb5","internalName":"inflammation-immunity","name":"Inflammation & immunity","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"OTHER","computed":true,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"omg-aa-epa-ratio","uuid":"d357be26-3257-48f5-8794-4f5690fb7cb7","name":"AA / EPA ratio","shortDescription":"AA/EPA ratio tells you how your body balances two key fatty acids.","description":"AA/EPA ratio is a headcount of two fat messengers in your blood. Picture two teams of messengers that carry “start fire” and “calm fire” notes. Arachidonic acid (AA) messengers tend to turn the flames of body stress up. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) messengers tend to cool those flames down. The ratio compares how many AA notes you have to how many EPA notes you have. When the ratio is very low, your body may lean toward stronger, longer fire signals. When the ratio is very high, your body may dampen these signals too much. A balanced ratio keeps the fire response sharp but controlled over time.","unit":"calc","category":{"uuid":"2fd25cd7-cb07-4136-a636-a730dd49c2fd","internalName":"heart-cholesterol","name":"Heart & cholesterol","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":true,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"ratio-lh-fsh","uuid":"628d6524-55ee-40f5-9b4c-adcb28244c2f","name":"LH / FSH ratio","shortDescription":"LH / FSH ratio tells you how strongly your brain signals the ovaries or testes.","description":"LH / FSH is a way to compare two partner hormones. Think of them as two messengers that carry instructions from the brain to the ovaries or testes. The pituitary gland sends LH and FSH like timed letters that guide egg development, ovulation, and sperm production. FSH works more like the planner that helps eggs or sperm grow. LH acts more like the trigger that pushes them toward release and hormone production. Very low signals may mean the brain sends fewer letters, so development slows. Very high signals may mean the brain keeps shouting to get a response. A balanced LH / FSH ratio suggests smooth communication and more stable reproductive function.","unit":"calc","category":{"uuid":"c42d64a4-f596-4b31-b099-75476aed780a","internalName":"hormones","name":"Hormones","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":true,"sex":"female"},{"internalName":"fructosamine","uuid":"0af78a99-d211-4e41-89e6-47f6df9df591","name":"Fructosamine","shortDescription":"Fructosamine reflects your average blood sugar over the past 2 to 3 weeks — a shorter window than HbA1c.","description":"Fructosamine measures how much sugar has attached to proteins in your blood, mainly albumin. Because these proteins turn over faster than red blood cells, fructosamine captures a shorter, more recent window of blood sugar control than HbA1c. It can be a useful complement when HbA1c is less reliable. Note that fructosamine assays are not standardised across laboratories and that low blood albumin can lower the result independently of your blood sugar.","unit":"umol/L","category":{"uuid":"4ca630c1-37de-42b8-babb-c2e127d938be","internalName":"blood-sugar-metabolism","name":"Blood sugar & metabolism","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"ratio-ferritin-crp","uuid":"30b89c9f-4d46-495b-8f26-206ac367a3a2","name":"Ferritin / CRP ratio","shortDescription":"Ferritin / CRP ratio tells you how your iron stores behave when your body turns on inflammation.","description":"Ferritin / CRP is a ratio that links iron storage with inflammation. Think of ferritin as boxes of stored iron and CRP as an alarm for body stress. The ratio shows how many iron boxes you have compared with how loudly the alarm rings. Your liver fills and empties these boxes and also turns the alarm up or down. When inflammation rises, the body often locks iron away in storage. A low ratio suggests fewer boxes compared with alarm volume. A high ratio suggests many boxes despite an active alarm. A balanced ratio means iron storage and inflammation stay in step, which supports steady energy and healthy blood building.","unit":"calc","category":{"uuid":"4cf1f573-ca69-4b87-a4db-23d8a0e52863","internalName":"blood-cells-iron","name":"Blood cells & iron","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":true,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"remnant-cholesterol","uuid":"47cc053e-6997-4713-9263-9475034015ce","name":"Remnant cholesterol","shortDescription":"A calculated value: your total cholesterol minus your HDL and LDL cholesterol. It is the cholesterol carried by the particles that also transport triglycerides.","description":"Remnant cholesterol is the cholesterol found neither in HDL nor in LDL particles. It travels in the larger particles that carry triglycerides through your blood, after meals and between them, and in what is left of those particles once they have delivered their fat. Lucis calculates it from three values already in your blood panel (total cholesterol minus HDL cholesterol minus LDL cholesterol), so no extra sample is needed. Because these particles carry both cholesterol and triglycerides, this value adds detail to your cholesterol picture beyond LDL alone. It tends to move with your triglycerides, and so with what you eat, how active you are, alcohol and body weight. Read it alongside your other lipid markers and follow how it changes over time.","unit":"mg/dL","category":{"uuid":"2fd25cd7-cb07-4136-a636-a730dd49c2fd","internalName":"heart-cholesterol","name":"Heart & cholesterol","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":true,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"mentzer-index","uuid":"1bf80443-0f35-4e1f-acd3-564b93edc689","name":"Mentzer index","shortDescription":"A calculated ratio: the average size of your red blood cells (MCV) divided by your red blood cell count. It helps read red cell size against red cell count.","description":"The Mentzer index divides the average size of your red blood cells (MCV, in femtolitres) by the number of red blood cells in your blood (in millions per microlitre). Lucis calculates it from two values already in your full blood count, so no extra sample is needed. Small red cells can come with a low, normal or high number of red cells; this ratio puts the two values side by side so they are read together rather than one at a time. It is a reading aid and does not by itself point to any condition. It is most useful alongside your haemoglobin, ferritin and the rest of your blood count, and a value that stands out is worth discussing with your doctor.","unit":"ratio","category":{"uuid":"4cf1f573-ca69-4b87-a4db-23d8a0e52863","internalName":"blood-cells-iron","name":"Blood cells & iron","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":true,"sex":"all"},{"internalName":"psa","uuid":"c2e90c78-703e-433e-b05c-fc283892fb22","name":"PSA (Prostate-specific antigen)","shortDescription":"PSA is a protein made by the prostate gland and measured in the blood. Many everyday things can raise it, such as benign enlargement, inflammation, ejaculation within 48 hours or a long bike ride, so context matters when reading it.","description":"PSA is a protein that acts like scissors in semen. Picture semen as a soft gel and PSA as the scissors that cut this gel so it turns more liquid. Prostate cells make PSA and release it into tiny ducts, where it helps semen loosen so sperm can move more freely. Small amounts also enter the blood, where a test can count how much is present. Very low PSA suggests less activity in prostate tissue, so the scissors work less often. Higher PSA suggests more active or irritated tissue, so more scissors leak into blood. A balanced PSA level points to steady tissue behaviour and stable local processes in and around the prostate.","unit":"ng/mL","category":{"uuid":"c42d64a4-f596-4b31-b099-75476aed780a","internalName":"hormones","name":"Hormones","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":false,"sex":"male"},{"internalName":"free-testosterone","uuid":"634be99e-52b6-4b8d-9baf-5a038c4e4fe0","name":"Free Testosterone","shortDescription":"This is calculated, not measured, using the Vermeulen formula from total testosterone, SHBG and albumin. It estimates how much testosterone is free or loosely bound and so available to your tissues.","description":"Free testosterone is the share of testosterone that travels free in the blood. Think of all testosterone molecules as workers and free testosterone as those not tied to desks. These free workers move quickly into cells and switch on important jobs. The liver, fat tissue, and other organs make or clear testosterone workers. Some bind to carrier proteins and stay parked, while free ones enter tissues like muscle, bone, skin, and brain. Very low free testosterone means fewer active workers on the floor, so several body functions slow down. Very high levels mean too many workers pushing systems hard. A balanced free testosterone level keeps body shape, energy, mood, and sexual function in a steady zone.","unit":"nmol/L","category":{"uuid":"c42d64a4-f596-4b31-b099-75476aed780a","internalName":"hormones","name":"Hormones","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":true,"sex":"male"},{"internalName":"psa-free-ratio","uuid":"d766cce9-6317-40bc-8fd6-24ce2b30558a","name":"Free PSA ratio","shortDescription":"The %free PSA tells you what share of your PSA circulates in its unbound form — a higher share is more reassuring.","description":"Free PSA ratio is the share of your total PSA that travels unbound in the blood, expressed as a percentage of total PSA. It refines the interpretation of an elevated total PSA: a higher free share points to benign prostate tissue, while a lower free share warrants closer follow-up. It is an inverted marker — higher is better.","unit":"%","category":{"uuid":"c42d64a4-f596-4b31-b099-75476aed780a","internalName":"hormones","name":"Hormones","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":true,"sex":"male"},{"internalName":"bioavailable-testosterone","uuid":"779edd39-ca47-4514-bb74-09db1faf990f","name":"Bioavailable Testosterone","shortDescription":"This is the share of testosterone that is not tightly bound to SHBG and is therefore available to your tissues. It is measured directly or calculated from total testosterone, SHBG and albumin, and adds context to total testosterone.","description":"Bioavailable testosterone is the usable share of your testosterone. Picture all testosterone molecules as workers in a factory. Some workers sit locked in an office and cannot help on the floor. Others stand ready in the workshop and do the real jobs. Bioavailable testosterone counts the workers free on the floor, not locked away. The liver makes testosterone, and proteins in the blood carry it. A tight carrier holds some testosterone so firmly that cells cannot use it. A loose carrier and free testosterone stay available for action. Very low levels reduce support for muscles, bones, mood, and sexual function. Very high levels can unbalance other hormones and body systems. A steady middle range keeps body systems in smooth daily rhythm.","unit":"nmol/L","category":{"uuid":"c42d64a4-f596-4b31-b099-75476aed780a","internalName":"hormones","name":"Hormones","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":true,"sex":"male"},{"internalName":"ration-testo-estradiol","uuid":"1a2a0664-72c6-48b9-9d94-3e85ff7eac69","name":"Total Testosterone / Estradiol ratio","shortDescription":"Total Testosterone / Estradiol ratio tells you how two key sex hormones balance each other.","description":"Total Testosterone / Estradiol ratio is a way to check balance between two main sex hormones. Think of them as two partners sharing control of the same car. Testosterone presses the accelerator for strength, muscle, and drive. Estradiol works the brakes and steering for bones, mood, and body shape. The ratio compares how many testosterone “drivers” act against estradiol “drivers” at the same time. If the ratio is too low, estradiol influence dominates and muscle building and energy can drop. If the ratio is too high, testosterone influence dominates and body fat handling and comfort can shift. A balanced ratio keeps body tissues, mood, and metabolism running smoothly together.","unit":"calc","category":{"uuid":"c42d64a4-f596-4b31-b099-75476aed780a","internalName":"hormones","name":"Hormones","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":true,"sex":"male"},{"internalName":"ratio-testosterone","uuid":"d516b6ce-ea7c-4a47-9107-a3203278c108","name":"Free Testosterone / Total Testosterone ratio","shortDescription":"Free Testosterone / Total Testosterone ratio tells you how much of your testosterone is active and available for your body to use.","description":"Free Testosterone / Total Testosterone is a ratio that shows how much of your testosterone is free to work in your body. Think of all your testosterone as workers and this ratio as the share that is actually on the job. The liver and blood proteins hold many testosterone workers in reserve. Free testosterone workers move around and act in muscles, brain, bones, and skin. A low ratio means many workers stay tied up and fewer handle daily tasks. A high ratio means many active workers at once, which can push some systems hard. A balanced ratio keeps enough active workers available without overloading your body.","unit":"%","category":{"uuid":"c42d64a4-f596-4b31-b099-75476aed780a","internalName":"hormones","name":"Hormones","imageUrl":null,"type":"traditional blood marker"},"specimenType":"BLOOD","computed":true,"sex":"male"}]}}